Emergy account for biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China

On the basis of Odum's ecological economic measure of emergy as embodied solar energy, a system account of biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China 2004 is developed in this paper, which supplements a former study on corresponding long-term historical trends during 1978 to 2000 (Chen et al., 2006. Emergy-based analysis of the Chinese agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 115, 161–173). The aggregate fluxes and indicators for biomass resource exploitation in China 2004 are calculated and illustrated when compared with those for 2000 to elucidate the latest status of the Chinese agriculture as the exploitation sector for biomass resource. Data sources and algorithm are presented in detail as basic references for related analysis involving the ecological economy of biomass exploitation in agriculture.     

Electrical properties and positron annihilation study of (Ba<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Ho<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>)TiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> ceramics

DC resistivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and positron annihilation spectra of (Ba_1−x Ho _x )TiO₃ ceramics have been measured as a function of holmium concentration x. It has been found that the DC resistivity of (Ba_1−x Ho _x )TiO₃ is strongly dependent on the Ho content: it decreases three orders of magnitude and reaches a minimum at x = 0.4%. Doping with 0.6% holmium increases the permittivity of BaTiO₃ by approximately three times (from ∼1,300 to ∼4,000), with only a slight increase in the corresponding dielectric loss. The local electron density and defect concentration estimated using positron annihilation technique conforms well to the features found in the dielectric and resistivity measurements. The results have been discussed in terms of a mixed compensation model.     

一种生成p元统一序列的快速算法

p元统一序列是近期提出的一种具有理想自相关性能的多元序列,但是原有的生成方法比较复杂,不好实现。这里提出了一种快速生成p元统一序列的算法,该算法借助m序列的和序列作基础序列,和相应内部序列的移位序列可以快速生成任何长度的p元统一序列,比以往的生成方法简单易行且易于理解。     

总结滨海大桥经验促进斜拉桥建设

滨海大桥是唐津高速公路工程的核心和关键工程，是目前我国北方地区最大的双塔双索面预应力混凝土斜拉桥，它横跨海河，位于津南区葛沽镇西关村与塘沽区于庄子镇之间。整座大桥由主桥和南、北引桥3部分组成，全长2 838 m，其中北引桥长1 080 m,南引桥长1 090 m,主跨364 m,河中不设桥墩,南、北边跨各为152 m.主梁采用预应力混凝土肋板式结构,通过翼板（桥面板）及横隔梁连接形成整体。标准截面梁高2m,全宽30.9 m，全长668m.其中翼板厚32 cm,横隔梁标准间距6.8 m，厚35 cm。主塔采用宝瓶型结构，下塔柱向外倾斜，中塔柱向内倾斜，采用下、中、上三道横梁作为连接,塔高140.12m。引桥采用T型结构，先简支后连续，跨径分为30 m、35 m、40 m三种。该桥桥面宽27.5 m,为双向6车道.桥下净空33m,能保证5000t级客货轮双向通行。工程造价3亿多人民币。     

塔河油田S105井-S106井-S117井井区盐下奥陶系油气成藏条件分析

为了探索塔河油田石炭系盐下奥陶系储集层发育特征及成藏条件,实现新地区、新层位、新领域的突破,进一步扩大塔河油田外围盐下奥陶系含油气范围,实现增储上产,利用率先在盐下奥陶系完钻的S105井、S106井、S117井的地质录井、测井、测试等资料,结合区域地质资料,对S105井-S106井-S117井区内盐下奥陶系的区域构造特征、油源条件、储集条件、储盖组合、圈闭条件及油气藏类型进行了分析,得出的结论是盐下奥陶系恰尔巴克组-一间房组发育地层不整合-岩溶裂缝型圈闭,且油源充足,储集层发育,圈闭条件良好,易于油气成藏,指出了盐下奥陶系的勘探开发前景。     

高功率DPL光束质量研究

为了在高功率DPL中获取高光束质量输出激光，利用扭转模获取高光束质量种籽源的同时，进行了高重复频率下的热致及光致双折射效应的补偿、高功率二极管均匀泵浦聚光腔设计及相位共轭镜用于改善激光系统光束质量等特性研究。最终获得了重复频率40Hz、单脉冲能量大于400mJ、近衍射极限的高光束质量激光输出。这种方法对高功率激光系统的设计十分有用。     

Design,Implementation, and Validation of KOMPSAT‐2 Software Simulator

In this paper, we present design features, implementation, and validation of a satellite simulator subsystem for the Korea Multi‐Purpose Satellite‐2 (KOMPSAT‐2). The satellite simulator subsystem is implemented on a personal computer to minimize costs and trouble on embedding onboard flight software into the simulator. An object‐oriented design methodology is employed to maximize software reusability. Also, instead of a high‐cost commercial database, XML is used for the manipulation of spacecraft characteristics data, telecommand, telemetry, and simulation data. The KOMPSAT‐2 satellite simulator subsystem is validated by various simulations for autonomous onboard launch and early orbit phase operations, anomaly operation, and science fine mode operation. It is also officially verified by successfully passing various tests such as the satellite simulator subsystem test, mission control element system integration test, interface test, site installation test, and acceptance test.     

Development and simulation studies of an unsteady state biofilter model for the treatment of cyclic air emissions of an α‐pinene gas stream

This paper describes the development and simulation of an unsteady state biofilter model used to predict dynamic behaviour of cyclically‐operated biofilters and compares it with experimental results obtained from three, parallel, bench‐scale biofilters treating both periodically fluctuating concentrations and constant concentrations of an α‐pinene‐laden gas stream. The dynamic model, using kinetic parameters estimated from the constant concentration biofilter, was able to predict the performance of cyclic biofilters operating at short cycle periods (ie, in the order of minutes and hours). Steady state kinetic data from a constant concentration biofilter can be used to predict unsteady state biofilter operation. At a 24 h cycle period, the dynamic model compared well with experimental results. For long cycle periods (ie, hours and days), removal efficiency decreased after periods of non‐loading: the longer the period of non‐loading, the poorer the biofilter's performance at the re‐commencement of pollutant loading. At longer time scales the model did not effectively predict transient behaviour, as adsorption and changes in kinetic parameters were not accounted for. Modelling results showed that similar biofiltration performance for the cyclic and constant concentration biofiltration of α‐pinene is expected for biofilters operating solely in the first order kinetics regime. Poorer performance for cyclic biofilters following Monod kinetics spanning the entire kinetics range is expected as the cycle amplitude increases. The most important parameters affecting the performance of a cyclically‐operated biofilter with short cycle periods are: amplitude of cyclic fluctuations, C_{g, max}/C_g, relative value of the half‐saturation constant in the Monod expression, K_s, and effective diffusivity of α‐pinene in the biofilm, D_e. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Ultrasound‐activated Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile with carbonylic compounds catalysed by alkaline‐doped saponites

α,β‐Unsaturated nitriles have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation of a carbonylic compound with malononitrile, assisted by sonochemical irradiation. Two alkaline‐promoted clays (Li⁺‐ and Cs⁺‐exchanged saponites) have been employed as catalysts. The influence of the carbonylic compound (benzaldehyde or cyclohexanone) and the use of a solvent on the catalytic activity have been studied. Remarkable increase in the conversion values has been found when the reaction is activated by ultrasound, as compared with the thermal activation. In this green, solvent‐free procedure, α,β‐unsaturated nitriles have been produced in very high yields (97%) when the Cs⁺‐saponite is used as catalyst. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

A novel ultracompact two-mode-interference wavelength division multiplexer for 1.5-/spl mu/m operation

A novel ultracompact 2/spl times/2 wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) for 1.55-/spl mu/m operation based on highly dispersive two-mode interference (TMI) was designed, theoretically modeled, and verified using a finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method. A two-moded waveguide assisted with a dispersive tooth-shaped grating provided a mode-dependent reflection band of central wavelength at 1.55 /spl mu/m. The wavelengths of 1538 and 1572 nm that were at the band edges and had the lowest reflection losses and relatively high dispersion were selected for wavelength multiplexing. The result showed that the wavelengths were separated by grating dispersion in a coupler length of 75 /spl mu/m which was much shorter than the required length of 1.1 mm in a regular TMI multiplexer of no grating. Insertion loss of about 1.7 dB and channel contrast of about 12 dB were achieved.