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991.
Marina O.S. Dias Lucas G. Pereira Tassia L. Junqueira Lucas G. Pavanello Mateus F. Chagas Otávio Cavalett Rubens Maciel Filho Antonio Bonomi 《Chemical Engineering Research and Design》2014
Butanol production from renewable resources has been increasingly investigated over the past decade, mostly for its use as a liquid biofuel for road transportation, since its energy density is higher than that of ethanol and it may be used in gasoline driven engines with practically no changes, but also for use as a feedstock in the chemical industry. Most of the research concerning butanol production focuses on the ABE process (fermentation of sugars into a mixture of acetone, butanol and ethanol), which has several drawbacks regarding microorganism performance and product inhibition. An alternative to ABE fermentation, ethanol catalytic conversion to butanol can produce a higher quality product with less retrofitting than ABE in existing ethanol producing facilities. There are different types of catalysts for the chemical conversion of ethanol to butanol being developed in laboratory scale, but their actual use in a sugarcane processing plant has never before been assessed. Butanol production from ethanol in a sugarcane biorefinery, using data from the literature, was assessed in this study; different technological alternatives (catalytic routes) were evaluated through computer simulation in Aspen Plus (including production of electricity, sugar, ethanol and other products) and economic and environmental impacts were assessed. Results indicate that vapor-phase catalysis presents higher potential for industrial implementation, and commercialization of butanol for use as a chemical feedstock has an economic performance similar to that of current, optimized first generation sugarcane distilleries, but can potentially contribute to cost reduction that will allow commercialization of butanol as a fuel in the future. 相似文献
992.
Lúcia Raquel Ramos Berger Thayza Christina Montenegro Stamford Thatiana Montenegro Stamford-Arnaud Sergio Roberto Cabral de Alcantara Antonio Cardoso da Silva Adamares Marques da Silva Aline Elesb?o do Nascimento Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2014,15(5):9082-9102
This article sets out a method for producing chitin and chitosan by Cunninghamella elegans and Rhizopus arrhizus strains using a green metabolic conversion of agroindustrial wastes (corn steep liquor and molasses). The physicochemical characteristics of the biopolymers and antimicrobial activity are described. Chitin and chitosan were extracted by alkali-acid treatment, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, viscosity and X-ray diffraction. The effectiveness of chitosan from C. elegans and R. arrhizus in inhibiting the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The highest production of biomass (24.60 g/L), chitin (83.20 mg/g) and chitosan (49.31 mg/g) was obtained by R. arrhizus. Chitin and chitosan from both fungi showed a similar degree of deacetylation, respectively of 25% and 82%, crystallinity indices of 33.80% and 32.80% for chitin, and 20.30% and 17.80% for chitosan. Both chitin and chitosan presented similar viscosimetry of 3.79–3.40 cP and low molecular weight of 5.08 × 103 and 4.68 × 103 g/mol. They both showed identical MIC and MBC for all bacteria assayed. These results suggest that: agricultural wastes can be produced in an environmentally friendly way; chitin and chitosan can be produced economically; and that chitosan has antimicrobial potential against pathogenic bacteria. 相似文献
993.
Rafaela K. Lima Maria das Graças Cardoso Milene A. Andrade Paula L. Guimarães Luís R. Batista David L. Nelson 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2012,89(3):523-528
This study chemically characterizes and evaluates the bactericidal and antioxidant activities of essential oils from Myristica fragrans and Salvia microphylla. The essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and were subsequently subjected to analysis by GC–MS and GC. The
agar diffusion test was employed to evaluate the bactericidal activity, while the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and
β-carotene/linoleic acid tests were used to determine the antioxidant activity. Terpin-4-ol (14.95%), sabinene (13.07%) and
γ-terpinene (11.22%) were found to be the major constituents in the essential oil of M. fragrans by gas chromatography, whereas (E)-caryophyllene (15.35%), α-eudesmol (14.06%), β-eudesmol (8.74%) and γ-eudesmol (7.64%) were encountered in the essential
oil of S. microphylla. Both essential oils showed bactericidal activity, with the essential oil of S. microphylla being more efficient. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils from M. fragrans and S. microphylla were demonstrated by the β-carotene/linoleic acid test, with IC50 976 and IC50 770 μg/mL, respectively. 相似文献
994.
995.
This paper describes a method developed to evaluate the seismic performance of old masonry buildings, which allows identifying the expected structural collapse mechanism of the structure. The collapse mechanism is identified by the accumulation of several damaged structural elements in specific points of the structure. The methodology allows simulating the non-linear behaviour of masonry buildings by making use of an iterative procedure, where the structure is changed at each step according to the cracking, yielding or collapse of structural elements at the previous steps. The method was applied to an old masonry building from the city of Lisbon that includes a three-dimensional timber structure enclosed in masonry walls aimed at providing seismic resistance. Discussion is made regarding the advantages of the iterative procedure for the identification of the expected structural collapse mechanism of old masonry buildings. The method limitations will also be discussed. 相似文献
996.
Nunes M Coelho JP Cardoso PG Pereira ME Duarte AC Pardal MA 《The Science of the total environment》2008,405(1-3):186-194
Mercury is a widely distributed environmental pollutant and a toxic element to all living organisms. This study represents an attempt to evaluate its correlation with the macrobenthic community structure in a temperate estuarine system, the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). The macrobenthic community structure showed significant differences along the mercury gradient. Overall, the increase of mercury contamination was associated with reduced total abundance, lower species richness, and dominance of tolerant taxa. The polychaetes Hediste diversicolor and Alkmaria romijni, and the isopod Cyathura carinata were associated with high levels of mercury in sediment, while the bivalves Scrobicularia plana, Cerastoderma edule and Abra alba showed higher density in lesser contaminated sites. Furthermore, highly contaminated sites showed substantially lower abundances of surface-deposit feeders and herbivores, and higher abundances of subsurface-deposit feeders and omnivores. Salinity was also a significant factor affecting the community, being responsible for seasonal variations in the macrobenthic assemblages. 相似文献
997.
New Rheocasting (the NRC process) is a recently developed semisolid processing route. There are two versions of this route.
In one, molten alloy is poured directly into a tilted mould and through careful temperature control during cooling a spheroidal
semisolid microstructure is achieved, before the material in the mould is upended into a shot sleeve and hence forced into
a die. Alternatively, the molten alloy is poured onto a cooling slope and thence into a mould before processing. The aim of the work described in this article, and its companion, was to develop
understanding of the microstructural development during the initial stages of this process i.e. in the mould before processing
and with the cooling slope/mould combination. In this first article, an analogue system based on aqueous ammonium chloride
has been used to visualise what happens when an alloy is poured into a tilted mould with a chill wall. In the companion article,
the results for pouring A356 aluminium alloy directly into a mould, and also via a cooling slope into a mould are presented. 相似文献
998.
The aim of this work was the synthesis of macroporous resins with large specific surface areas through the use of organic solvents (known as porogens or pore‐forming agents) for applications in hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) removal operations. The synthesis of these materials by suspension polymerization allowed the generation of macroporous structures. The comonomers 4‐vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene were considered in different ratios. Poly(vinyl alcohol) was used as a suspension agent in a mixture of toluene and hexane. The materials produced were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, nitrogen adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy. The macroporous resin with the largest surface area (130 m2/g) was thermally stable up to 300°C and had a structure that included spherical domains with a mean diameter of 68 μm, uniform porosity, and expected high sorption capability. The sorption properties of the resins were evaluated for applications in water‐treatment operations to eliminate Cr+6 ions at a pH near 7. The advantages of these materials were their high removal capability, high selectivity, and fast adsorption kinetics at a pH 6.5. An aqueous solution of 4 ppm K2Cr2O7 was used to quantify the Cr+6 content by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. A remarkable sorption level (94%) of chromate ions (Cr+6) was obtained during a 15‐h period for the resin with the highest pyridine group content. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008 相似文献
999.
Sílvia M Rocha Paula Coutinho Ivonne Delgadillo Antnio Dias Cardoso Manuel A Coimbra 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2005,85(2):199-205
Wines from Maria Gomes (Fernão Pires) and Bical varieties were treated with an enzymatic preparation, Lallzyme de Lalvin, with β‐glucosidase, pectinase, arabinosidase and rhamnosidase activity. The reference and enzyme‐treated wines were submitted to a process of continuous liquid–liquid extraction with dichloromethane and analysed by GC‐MS. The volatile contents of the wines were 199 and 188 mg l?1, respectively, for Maria Gomes and Bical. Both varieties contained aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, terpenoids, esters, aliphatic acids and lactones. Enzymatically treated wines showed an increase of 9% in the total amount of volatile compounds of Maria Gomes, due, mainly, to the increase of geraniol (67%), terpendiols (96%), phenols and aromatic alcohols (26%) and esters (32%). Some of them were within their perception limits and may have a contribution to the floral and fruity notes. Conversely, no significant modifications were introduced by enzymatic treatment in the total amount of volatile compounds of Bical wine. The presence of aromatic alcohols in significant amounts, which may represent an interesting characteristic in Bical wines, was not increased by the treatment used. This study with two white varieties grown in the same Appellation shows that the effectiveness of aroma release by enzymatic treatment, using a broad range of enzymatic activities, is closely dependent on the varietal aroma potential, knowledge of which is a key determinant for full exploitation of wine qualities. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
1000.
Effect of light on the concentration of ethyl carbamate in cachaça stored in glass bottles 下载免费PDF全文
Lidiany Mendonça Zacaroni Maria das Graças Cardoso Wilder Douglas Santiago Marcos de Souza Gomes Felipe Cimino Duarte David Lee Nelson 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2015,121(2):238-243
This study sought to evaluate the influence of natural light on the concentration of ethyl carbamate (EC) in cachaças aged in wooden barrels and stored in glass bottles for a period of 6 months. The quantification of EC was achieved by HPLC using a fluorescence detector after previous derivation of the samples and standards with 9‐xanthydrol. All of the samples presented an EC concentration below the limit established by Brazilian legislation. The highest concentration found was 79.70 µg L?1. As for the influence of light and storage period, 70% of the samples exhibited an influence of these parameters. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling 相似文献