Antioxidant activity of phytogenous industrial waste and derived extracts for the production of feed and food additives

Organic wastes as well as their ethanolic, water and heptane extracts and fermented products derived from herbs, fruit and vegetables obtained worldwide from food and pharmaceutical industries were investigated regarding their antioxidant activities using different methods [1.1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, Fe^III‐reduction method and photochemiluminescence (PCL)]. The highest antioxidative activities were exhibited by different products of grape seed wastes (350–830 mg rosmarinic acid equivalent g^?1 dried material = rae g^?1 dm) followed by ethanolic extracts of blueberry (475 mg rae g^?1 dm), larch (219 mg rae g^?1 dm), willow (193 mg rae g^?1 dm) and sunflower presscake (154 mg rae g^?1 dm). Ethanolic extracts of the residues showed comparatively higher activity than water extracts. The least antioxidative capacities were found in heptane extracts of serenoa products (0.4; 0.6 mg rae g^?1 dm) and fermented waste of carrots (1.6 mg rae g^?1 dm). Correlating different assay methods, the strongest correlation was found between Fe^III‐reduction and DPPH‐method (correlation coefficient r² = 0.99**) and the weakest between Fe^III‐reduction and PCL method (r² = 0.57**) for raw materials.     

Ferroelectric properties of LC systems including chiral dopants with different molecular structure

Abstract— New ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) on the basis of the eutectic mixture of phenylbenzoate derivatives including chiral components (CCs) with a different number and position of carbonyl groups in their molecular core have been investigated. The ferroelectric characteristics such as the spontaneous polarization, smectic tilt angle, rotational viscosity, and repolarization time as well as their concentration dependences are analyzed. On the basis of the previous and obtained results, the influence of peculiarities of the molecular structure of CCs on mentioned properties of FLCs are generalized.     

Modelling of the mechanical response of Zr–Nb and Ti–Nb alloys in a wide temperature range

International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design - This article presents the results of modeling the mechanical behavior of Zr–Nb and Ti–Nb alloys in a range of strain rates...     

Characterization of Metal-Oxide Catalysts in Operando Conditions by Combining X-ray Absorption and Raman Spectroscopies in the Same Experiment

We have developed a new instrumental setup that combines simultaneous X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and online mass spectrometry for operando studies of catalytic reactions. The importance of combining these techniques in the same experiment is demonstrated with the example of CO oxidation over nanoscale copper oxide catalysts supported on high surface area titanium oxide. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy provides information on the charge state and local geometry of the catalytically active atoms. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) technique adds information about their local coordination environment. Raman spectroscopy adds sensitivity to crystallographic phase and long range order that both XANES and EXAFS are lacking. Together, these measurements enable simultaneous studies of the structural and electronic properties of all components present in metal-oxide catalysts. Coupled with online reactant and product analysis, this new setup allows one to elucidate the synergy between different components of a catalytic system and shed light on its catalytic activity and selectivity.     

Regional Concentration and Dynamics of Fast-growing Industries in Baden-Württemberg and Israel

Fast-growing industries are regarded as providing an above-average contribution to production, employment and innovation. Due to necessary knowledge spillovers and a high product innovation rate, these industries are expected to have a locational bias towards central, metropolitan regions guaranteeing a risk- and uncertainty-minimizing industrial atmosphere. Using statistical data on the regional distribution and composition of fast-growing industrial branches in Baden-Württemberg and Israel, it is the objective of this paper to analyse the spatial distribution process of fast-growing industries and to answer the question if also non-metropolitan regions provide favourable location conditions which could be made the starting point for innovation-oriented regional development strategies. Based on different methods of regional analysis, like concentration indices and shift-share analysis, our results indicate that although the highest share of fast-growing industrial branches can still be found in central regions, spatial dispersion towards intermediate and peripheral regions occurred between the late 1980s and early 1990s in Israel as well as in Baden-Württemberg. This decentralization process makes it clear that these industries can be an important target group for disparity-reducing regional policy.     

Monte Carlo Simulation of Vapor–Liquid Equilibria for Perfluoropropane (R-218) and 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf)

Thermophysical properties of two refrigerants (perfluoropropane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) were computed using Monte Carlo methods with the OPLS-AA (Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations-All Atoms) forcefield. Original OPLS-AA parameters were extended to include an F atom attached to a double bond in 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and modified to produce the correct stationary geometry for this compound. The results of the simulations for critical parameters, saturated densities, saturated pressures, liquid densities, and vaporization enthalpies are in good agreement with available experimental data and equation of state models. Systematic deviations between the experimental data and the predicted values were observed for liquid densities and saturated pressures, suggesting that further refinement of forcefield parameters that can lead to better accuracy may be possible.     

Template synthesis,structure, sorption properties and acidity of micro-mesoporous materials obtained from sol-precursor of zeolite BEA

Partially zeolitized micro-mesoporous materials (the total specific surface area S _BET  = 460–645 m²/g, mesopore volume V _meso  = 0.30–0.57 cm³/g, mesopore diameter D _meso  ≈ 5.6 nm, micropore volume V _micro  = 0.11–0.16 cm³/g, micropore diameter D _micro  ≈ 0.72 nm) and X-ray amorphous micro-mesoporous materials with uniform mesoporous structure (mesopore specific surface area S _meso  = 820–890 m²/g, total pore volume V _t  = 0.71–0.86 cm³/g, V _meso  = 0.53–0.67 cm³/g, D _meso  = 1.8–2.4 nm) were obtained by micellar templating of sol-precursor containing primary products of crystallization of zeolite BEA under conditions typical for forming of mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 (hydrothermal treatment at 100–130 °C for 3–5 days). It was found that the obtained X-ray amorphous micro-mesoporous materials contain secondary building units of zeolite BEA (five-membered rings of Si–O tetrahedra of BEA) and show acidic properties comparable to zeolite BEA.     

Diblock copolymer healing

The issue of self-healing materials is of paramount importance due to its intrinsic scientific value, as well as potential applications in a wide variety of fields, such as manufacturing, medicine, and electronics. We have investigated the behavior of poly(styrene-b-methylmethacrylate) diblock copolymer, following deformation performed by a silicon atomic force microscopy tip. We observed the changes in the polymer as it was subsequently heated in situ, and found how diblock “scars” can heal. These observations give important guidance to efforts that seek to create nanostructures using these methods, while also revealing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of polymer repair on the nanoscale.     

NIST/TRC SOURCE Data Archival System: The Next-Generation Data Model for Storage of Thermophysical Properties

A new data model for storage of experimental thermophysical and thermochemical property data was developed and implemented for the NIST/TRC SOURCE data archival system. Substantial improvements in data quality, as well as system usability and extendability, are achieved. Substance identification based on chemical structures was implemented. Availability of stored chemical structures will facilitate the use of property estimation methods to supplement the experimental information.     

Highly acidic phosphorus-containing porous carbons: synthesis and physicochemical properties

Phosphorus-containing carbon porous materials were obtained by pyrolysis of sucrose in the presence of phosphoric acid at a temperature 400 and 800 °C. Synthesized samples were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, the measurement of cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and sorption capacity for lead ions, potentiometric titration. It was shown that phosphorus-containing carbon sorbents have acidic properties and they are characterized by high cation-exchange capacity (up to 5.9 mmol/g). The samples which were synthesized at 800 °C have the highest content of acid groups, as well as phosphorus and oxygen. Detected surface acidic groups are phosphorus-containing (pК ~1.7–1.9) and represent residua of acid phosphates and polyphosphates, connected with carbon framework. High CEC of synthesized materials can be attributed to a significant degree of phosphorylation of sucrose through the large number of hydroxyl groups. P-containing acid groups on the surface of carbon framework provide high adsorption of heavy metals ions (in particular lead). Thus, the obtained P-containing carbon sorbents can be used as effective cation-exchangers for the removal of cations of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.