An environmentally benign process, which uses supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) as a processing aid, is developed in this work to help exfoliate and disperse nanoclay into the polymer matrices. The process relies on rapid expansion of the clay followed by direct injection into the extruder where the mixture is dispersed into the polymer melt. Results from the mechanical properties, rheological studies, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that this method represents a significant improvement relative to direct melt blending in single or twin-screw extruders or other methods using sc-CO2. The greatest mechanical property response was a result of directly injecting pre-mixed sc-CO2 and nanoclay into the polypropylene melt during extrusion. It was observed that for concentrations as high as 6.6 wt% (limited only by present process capabilities), XRD peaks were eliminated, suggesting a high degree of exfoliation. Mechanical properties such as modulus increased by as much as 54%. The terminal region of the dynamic mechanical spectrum was similar to that of the base polymer, contrary to what is frequently reported in the literature. 相似文献
Username/Password is still the prevailing authentication mechanism for internet based services — but it is not secure! We show how new authentication and identification mechanisms focused on usability and security can change this. 相似文献
The gamma-2 phase (Sn8Hg) and a dental amalgam in phosphate buffer have been studied by means of potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques, along with a rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE). The analysis of results has shown that phosphate ions play an important role in the corrosion of amalgam. The anodic reaction leads to the formation of soluble species and a passivating film, which is probably composed of tin hydroxide and tin phosphate. 相似文献
Parents of six children are facing a trial on charges of aggravated manslaughter in the care a 5 1/2 month old infant who
died suddenly and neglect of their four older children for causing them to be malnourished by feeding them all an exclusively
raw foods vegan diet. Both parents declined plea bargains and plan to defend themselves in court. 相似文献
This paper presents a three node curved three dimensional beam element for linear static analysis where the element displacement approximation in the axial () and transverse directions ( and ) can be of arbitrary polynomial orders p, p and p. This is accomplished by, first constructing one dimensional hierarchical approximation functions and the corresponding nodal variable operators in , and directions using Lagrange interpolating polynomials and then taking the products (also called tensor product) of these hierarchical one dimensional approximation functions and the corresponding nodal variable operators. The resulting approximation functions and the corresponding nodal variables for the three dimensional beam element were hierarchical. The formulation guarantees C0 continuity. The element properties are established using the principle of virtual work. In formulating the properties of the element all six components of the stress and strain tensor are ratained. The geometry of the beam element is defined by the coordinates of the nodes located at the axis of the beam and node point vectors representing the nodal cross-sections. The results obtained from the present formulation are compared with analytical solutions (when available) and the h-models using isoparametric three dimensional solid elements. The formulation is equally effective for very slender as well as deep beams since no assumptions are made regarding such conditions during the formulation. 相似文献
International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems - In this paper, we consider the fuzzy moving sliding surface anti-sway control problem for container cranes. We first introduce the dynamic... 相似文献
The satellite-based regression model provides the data model that identifies water quality for inland and coastal waters. However, the satellite regression usually depends on the selection of observation, satellite data, and model type. A resampling simulation technique, such as sequential simulation using geographically weighted regression (GWR simulation), can be applied in generating multiple realizations for water quality estimation to reduce the sampling effect and consider spatial heterogeneity. Traditional models often result in considerable underestimation in extreme observations. The GWR simulation provides the best goodness of fit and spatial varying relationship between observed water quality and remote sensing considering parameter outlier and noise removal for parameter stability. This simulation model can increase the sampling diversity from various observations and reduce the neighboring effects of observations using outlier and noise removal. The model that handles spatial uncertainty and heterogeneity is a novel tool for inferring the characteristics of water quality from a series of sample subsets.
Microsystem Technologies - This paper reports a design and fabrication process of a micro cam system (MCS) with a flat-faced translating follower. The cam rim with cover diameter of 2.4 mm... 相似文献