A dynamic multicast routing satisfying multiple QoS constraints

In this paper we propose a QoS‐based routing algorithm for dynamic multicasting. The complexity of the problem can be reduced to a simple shortest path problem by applying a Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) service discipline. Using a modified Bellman–Ford algorithm, the proposed routing builds a multicast tree, where a node is added to the existing multicast tree without re‐routing and satisfying QoS constraints. With user defined life‐time of connection this heuristic algorthm builds multicast tree which is near optimum over the whole duration of session. Simulation results show that tree costs are nearly as good as other dynamic multicast routings that does not consider QoS. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Property of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for an interface V-notch in antiplane elasticity

The so-called pseudo-orthogonal property of the eigenfunction expansion form is proved to be valid for the case of an antiplane interface V-notch and the corresponding path-independent integral is derived. The relation between the path-independent integral and the stress intensity factor of the notch is found. The influence of loads on the related integral is also presented.     

Reactive carbon black having isocyanate or acyl azide group

Summary Introduction of isocyanate (NCO) group onto carbon black surface was achieved by the treatment of carbon black with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate. In addition, carbon black having acyl azide (CON₃) group, a precursor of NCO group, was prepared by the reaction of COCl or COOCOOC₂H₅ group on carbon black with NaN₃. The CON₃ group on carbon black was relatively stable at below 20°C but readily decomposed to NCO group by heating (Curtius rearrangement). By the reation of NCO group on carbon black with hydroxyl group of polymers, such as polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol, these polymers were found to be grafted onto carbon black.     

Numerical study of radiation‐convection heat transfer

In this study, the authors attempted to introduce a simulation technique for radiation‐convection heat transfer in the high‐temperature fields of industrial furnaces, boilers, and gas turbine combustors. The convection effect was analyzed by a differential equation, but the radiation effect was analyzed by an integral equation. Thus, it was not easy to arrange both effects using the same type of equations. Then, the authors introduced the zone method and Monte Carlo method for the integral equation of the radiation effect and the finite difference method for the differential equation of the convection effect. A three‐dimensional analysis of the high‐temperature furnace was performed by this simulation technique to obtain its temperature distribution. Furthermore, another radiation‐convection heat transfer analysis in the low‐temperature living room was performed by the same technique. Finally, the authors tried to develop a computer software for radiation‐convection heat transfer and described their idea of software construction for the above. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(5): 391–407, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10042     

Synthesis and photoluminescence of bright water-soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots overcoated by hybrid organic shell

Photoluminescence properties from water soluble CdSe/ZnS QDs encapsulated with hybrid trioctylphosphine-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)-ethanolamine (TOPO-PSMA-EA) shell have been investigated. It was found that PL efficiency of CdSe/ZnS QDs in water was increased 5–30% after introducing PSMA-EA polymers to encapsulate CdSe/ZnS-TOPO QDs. Higher PSMA concentrations were found to enhance the PL efficiency of QDs up to 1.8 folds, which is ascribed to a better packing and passivation of the TOPO-PSMA-EA shell over the QDs. Time-resolved photoluminescence suggested that the mean lifetime of photoexcited carriers in the water-soluble CdSe/ZnS-TOPO-PSMA-EA QDs elongated 2–17 ns compared with that of uncoated samples, indicating that PL quenching defects were effectively removed for CdSe/ZnS QDs with hybrid TOPO-PSMA-EA shell.     

Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of ethanol extract of Artemisia princeps in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet

Artemisia princeps is commonly used as a food ingredient and in traditional Asian medicine. In this study, we examined the effects of long-term administration of an ethanol extract of A. princeps (APE) on body weight, white adipose tissue, blood glucose, insulin, plasma and hepatic lipids, and adipocytokines in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Daily feeding of a 1% APE diet for 14 weeks normalized elevated body weight, white adipose tissue, and plasma glucose and insulin levels, and delayed impaired glucose tolerance in mice a fed high-fat diet. These events were not observed in mice fed a control diet containing 1% APE. Liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels were similar in mice fed a 1% APE-diet and those fed a control diet. In the high-fat diet groups, APE inhibited hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) and suppressed the elevation of plasma leptin, but had no effect on adiponectin levels. These findings suggest that the regulation of leptin secretion by APE may inhibit FAS activity with subsequent suppression of triglyceride accumulation in the liver and adipose tissues. Inhibition of lipid accumulation can, in turn, lead to improvements in impaired glucose tolerance.     

Effect of initiating groups introduced onto ultrafine silica on the molecular weight polystyrene grafted onto the surface

Summary The effect of initiating groups introduced onto silica surface on the molecular weight of grafted polystyrene chain was investigated. By the treatment of polystyrene-grafted silica with aqueous solution of alkali, surface grafted polystyrene was isolated from the surface. The molecular weight of polystyrene grafted onto the silica obtained from the radical graft polymerization initiated by peroxyester groups introduced onto the surface was found to be much larger than that from the cationic polymerization initiated by acylium perchlorate groups. The number of grafted polystyrene in the radical polymerization, however, was much less than that in the cationic polymerization. Furthermore, the effect of molecular weight of grafted polystyrene on the dispersibility of silica in tetrahydrofuran was examined.     

Variation of Fructooligosaccharides and their Metabolizing Enzymes in Onion Bulb (Allium cepa L. cv. Tenshin) During Long-term Storage

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to assess the status of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in onion bulbs ( Allium cepa L. cv. Tenshin) and their metabolizing-enzymes—1-fructoexohydrolase (1-FEH), 1-kestose hydrolyzing enzyme (1-KH), fructan:fructan 1^F-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT) and fructan:fructan 6^G-fructosyltransferase (6G-FFT)—during storage at 15°C. Fructose varies slightly, whereas 1-kestose peaked after 6 wk and then decreased progressively during the last 18 wk of storage. Lower degree of polymerization (DP) 3 to 6) FOS, higher (DP 7 to 12) FOS, total FOS, and total carbohydrates showed similar and close patterns during 24 wk. They varied slightly at the beginning of the storage period; afterward they decreased progressively and regularly during the last 20 wk of storage. 1-FEH and 1-KH activities were low but peaked abruptly after 12 and 16 wk, respectively, after which they decreased to levels higher (1-FEH) or similar (1-KH) to those observed at the beginning of the storage. Surprisingly, 1-FFT activity showed similar pattern to the variation of 1-KH hydrolyzing activity; on the other hand, 6G-FFT, although higher, was stable during 16 wk but decreased after that. The results allowed us to associate FOS to the dormancy and sprouting states, and the peaks of the degrading enzymes were shown to signal the release of dormancy of onion bulb.     

Study on Interface between Sub—micron Particles and Matrix in Al2O3p／Al Composites

The microstructural characteristic of 1070Al matrix composites reinforced by 0.15μm Al2O3 particles whose volume fraction was 40% was investigated by TEM and HREM.The results showed that the interface between the matrix and reinforcements was clean and bonded well,without any interfacial reaction products.There were some preferential crystallographic orientation relationships between Al matrix and Al2O3 particle because of the lattice imperfection on the surface of Al2O3 particles.     

High-Speed TDM–WDM Techniques for Long-Haul Submarine Optical Amplifier Systems

Optical amplifier techniques have led to the installation of large-capacity submarine systems and further capacity increases seem likely. This paper reviews the FSA submarine system, which flexibly operates at both 2.5 and 10 Gb/s and offers maximum transmission capacity of 60 Gb/s for commercial use. The system configuration as well as its characteristics and upgradability will be introduced, including measurement results on time-division-multiplexing/wavelength-division-multiplexing (TDM–WDM) transmission at bit rates of 10 and 20 Gb/s using non-return-to-zero or soliton pulses. To further increase transmission capacity, TDM–WDM techniques that permit more than 10 Gb/s signal transmission in each data channel should be developed. Thus, pulse formats, which include non-return-to-zero, return-to-zero, or soliton pulses, and dispersion allocation in transmission fibers are significant issues. We introduce and discuss our recent results from high-speed (10 to 40 Gb/s) TDM–WDM signal transmission experiments with regard to the above aspects.