s-Shaped Software Reliability Growth Models and Their Applications

The s-shaped growth curves of detected software errors can be observed in software testing. The delayed s-shaped and inflection s-shaped software reliability growth models based on a nonhomogeneous Poisson process are discussed. The software reliability growth types of the models are investigated in terms of the error detection rate per error. In addition, a viable method for the software quality assessment, which integrates the capture-recapture method and the models above, is discussed, and its application to actual test data is illustrated.     

Analyses of mode-hopping phenomena in an AlGaAs laser

Intensity fluctuations of the longitudinal modes of a 0.8 μm AlGaAs laser were precisely measured during the occurrence of hopping between two modes. It was found from this result that mode hopping follows the stochastics of a Poisson process. The frequency of mode hopping was measured asf_{c} = [exp [-95(I/I_{th} - 1)]] times 10^{7}(Hz). whereI/I_{th}is the injection current normalized to its threshold value. Results of analog computer simulations showed that spontaneous emission worked as a triggering force for mode hopping. Results of the analysis based on the Fokker-Planck equation were compared to the experimental results, from which the root-mean-square value of the fluctuating electric field of spontaneous emission was estimated as2.3 times 10^{2)(V/m)leqlanglesim{E}_{N} leq 3.2 times 10^{2}(V/m). It is concluded that an effective reduction of mode hopping is achieved if the laser is operated at a higher bias or if the coupling constant between the two modes is increased.     

CLASSIFICATION OF MULTI-LOOK POLARIMETRIC SAR IMAGERY AND POLARIZATION CHANNEL OPTIMIZATION

In this paper, a new maximum likelihood (ML) classification algorithm is proposed to classify the multi-look polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Experimental results with the NASA/JPL airborne L-band polarimetric SAR data demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm. Furthermore, when using the algorithm in the classifications with subsets of the multi-look polarimetric SAR data, the polarization-channel optimization for the terrain type classification is implemented.     

合成孔径雷达图象结构特征检测的改进算法

本义研究合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图象结构特征检测。首先讨论了 ＳＡＲ图象结构检测的原理,然后在分析Ｌｏｐｅｓ等人的算法的基础上,提出了一个改进的结构检测算法,给出改进算法的实现流程,并利用模拟和实测ＳＡＲ图象进行试验比较,充分验证了改进方法的优越性和实用性。     

高速异步主轴电机的热分析与冷却结构设计

高速主轴电机是电主轴的关键核心部件,电机发热直接影响电主轴的加工精度和运行可靠性。以一台10万转主轴异步电机为例,对高速异步主轴电动机进行深入的热分析,设计高效的散热冷却结构,确保主轴电机的可靠平稳运行。确定主轴电机的主要热源,研究转子转速、转子表面粗糙度对主轴电机风摩损耗的影响规律;考虑旋转磁场和谐波对铁耗计算的影响,采用齿轭分区的有限元法提高仿真精度,分析电机铁耗的分布规律。基于流体力学对电机进行3D热仿真,对比主流的周向螺旋型和轴向Z字型两种冷却结构的冷却效果,确定高效的冷却结构设计方案,并进一步采用转子铁心开空气槽的设计方案,增加转子铁心与转轴之间的热阻,提高电机的散热能力,确保电机的转轴温升在安全范围内,最后校核转子结构的机械强度,保证主轴电机运行的可靠性。     

Secure optical data storage with random phase key codes by use of a configuration of a joint transform correlator

A secure optical storage based on a configuration of a joint transform correlator by use of a photorefractive material is presented. A key code designed through the use of an optimized algorithm so that its Fourier transform has a uniform amplitude distribution and a uniformly random phase distribution is introduced. Original two-dimensional data and the key code are placed side-by-side at the input plane. Both of them are stored in a photorefractive material as a joint power spectrum. The retrieval of the original data can be achieved with the same key code. We can record multiple two-dimensional data in the same crystal by angular multiplexing and/or key code multiplexing.     

Formation and emission of volatile polonium compound by microbial activity and polonium methylation with methylcobalamin

We observed biologically mediated emission of Po from culture solution inoculated sea sediment extract and incubated under natural light/dark cycle condition or dark condition the emitted Po compound would be lipophilic because of effective collection in organic solvent. Sterilization of the culture medium with antibiotics or CuSO4 completely suppressed growth of microorganisms and resulted in no emission of Po, indicating biological activity of microorganisms is responsible for formation and emission of volatile Po compound. Po emission also occurred when seawater was used as a culture medium. Our finding indicates a possibility of biotic source for atmospheric Po in the environment, which has been believed to be originated from abiotic sources. We compared emission behavior of Po and S in the culture experiments, the elements belong to XVI group in the Periodical Table, and consider that their emission mechanisms involved would be different though the emission of both elements is supported by biological activity of microorganisms. One of the chemical forms of S emitted was confirmed to be dimethyl sulfide (DMS) but that of Po is not known. Methylation experiments of Po with methylcobalamin demonstrated a formation and emission of volatile Po compound. The methylation of Po with methylcobalamin might be related to the observed Po emission in the culture experiments.     

Fabrication of Nanocomposite Ceramics by Crystallization of Rapidly Solidified Eutectic Melts

Eutectic melt solidification is shown to avoid cracking during solidification by quenching an amorphous phase. Subsequent annealing results in micro/nanostructure ceramics. This strategy has been applied to HfO₂–Al₂O₃–GdAlO₃ and Y₂O₃–CaO–Al₂O₃ ternary systems that have deep eutectics. In most cases, ceramic materials cracks when they are solidified from melt due to the thermal stress accumulated on the grain boundaries, the large specific volume difference between the melt and the crystalline solid, etc. The main reason why this strategy works is that a eutectic composition yields an amorphous phase from the melts by rapid cooling and the amorphous phase enables to design crystallization without cracking by postannealing. Appropriate postannealing for the quenched amorphous enables to control the crystallization behavior from the amorphous phase, which yields nanostructured composites without cracking. For the HfO₂–Al₂O₃–GdAlO₃ case, the melt solidification and postannealing yields a nanocomposite with high transparency due to reduced scattering of 5–10 nm crystallites. For the Y₂O₃–CaO–Al₂O₃ case, a plate-shaped bulk composite is obtained without cracking by molding the melt and postannealing.