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991.
Dichlorofluorescein derivatives with two aza-crown ether binding units were prepared by the Mannich reaction and their chemosensing behaviors toward transition metal ions were investigated. An 18-crown-6 ether derivative exhibited pronounced Cu2+-selective fluorescence signaling, with selectivity over other common physiologically important alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal ions. The compound also displayed 1:1 complex formation with Cu2+ ion, with a detection limit of 2.9 × 10?6 M in an aqueous 50% DMSO solution at pH 7, showing that it may offer potential as a chemosensor for the detection of submillimolar Cu2+ ions in physiological environments. A 15-Crown-5 ether analogue also revealed selective Cu2+ signaling, although with somewhat diminished selectivity compared with its 18-crown-6 counterpart. 相似文献
992.
G.-S. Park S.-H. Ahn M.-W. Park 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2000,11(6):473-481
The effect of zinc powder addition on the microstructural evolution of fine Zn0.22Cd0.78S:Ag$, Cl phosphor particles was investigated in relation to the luminescent property of phosphors. The phosphor microstructures were analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) using the ultramicrotome technique for specimen preparation. The phosphor baking process at 480 °C for 30 min in air results in significant damage to the surface structure of the phosphors due to the decomposition and oxidation of the phosphor itself. The addition of zinc metal powders into the Zn0.22Cd0.78S$ phosphors suppresses the oxidization and decomposition of phosphors by oxidizing zinc metal during the baking process in air. The oxidation of the zinc powders during baking provides the baking furnace with less oxidizing atmosphere for phosphor particles. The structure of phosphors, especially at the surface region, is much less degraded compared to the phosphors baked with no zinc metal addition. © 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers 相似文献
993.
An anion‐exchange membrane was prepared by the amination of chlorinated polypropylene and polyethyleneimine at a low temperature and was investigated with respect to not only its physical properties but also its electrochemical properties. The degrees of amination were 50.16, 53.76, 57.11, and 65.29% at 30, 40, 50, and 55°C, respectively. The base polymer membrane had no water uptake, whereas that of the aminated polymer membrane was 0.254, 0.296, 0.298, and 0.319 g of H2O/g of dry membrane, respectively, with increasing amination. The prepared membranes possessed an ion‐exchange capacity in the range of 1.257–2.000 mequiv/g of dry membrane and a fixed ion concentration in the range of 4.492–6.261 mequiv/g of H2O. The ionic conductivity of the aminated polymer membrane was highest when the water uptake was highest. Those of the prepared membrane were in the range of 0.89 × 10?2 to 1.36 × 10?2 S/cm. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 相似文献
994.
Kuo-Ching Huang Yean-Kuen Fang Dun-Nian Yang Chii-Wen Chen Hung-Cheng Sung Di-Son Kuo Wang C.S. Mong-Song Liang 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》2000,21(7):359-361
In this paper, the “erase” degradation in program/erase (P/E) cycling endurance of split-gate flash memory has been investigated. It is found that increasing the control-gate (CG) voltage (VCG) during erasing can slow down the “window closure” of cycling endurance since a higher VCG can “push” the FG potential into gradual part of IRead-out -VFG curve and in turn reduce the read-out current degradation. Moreover, the experimental results show that scaling down the gate oxide thickness under FG can effectively reduce the IRead-out degradation in the cycling endurance test 相似文献
995.
Jongsang Lee Eon-Sik Lee W. J. Park J. Y. Jung S. Ahn Nack J. Kim 《Metals and Materials International》1999,5(2):141-147
Dispersion strengthened Cu alloy was fabricated by injecting Cu-B alloy powders into the spray of Cu-Ti droplets. The microstructures
of over-sprayed powders and spray deposited billet were observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and
transmission electron microscopy. The over-sprayed powders were composed of not only Cu-B and Cu-Ti alloy powders but also
small amounts of Cu-B alloy powders surrounded by Cu-Ti droplets. Fine dispersoids of TiB were observed in the Cu-B powders
surrounded by Cu-Ti, indicating that very rapid reaction of Ti and B had occurred during the flight of the droplets. TiB dispersoids
of ∼10 nm having an orientational relationship with the Cu matrix were distributed in the Cu-B alloy powder region and coarser
TiB dispersoids of ∼50 nm were observed in the circumferencial Cu-Ti region. The spray deposited billet consisted of the regions
showing a fine microstructure of round shape, presumably originating from the injected Cu-B alloy powders, and a relatively
coarse cellular microstructure. TiB2 and TiB of ∼200 nm were observed along the grain and cell boundaries. Fine TiB dispersoids
of ∼10 nm having an orientational relationship with the Cu matrix were observed in both regions. The solidification behavior,
with special interest in (he formation of dispersoids, was examined based on this observation. 相似文献
996.
Jinseob Shin Kyomin Shin Hanna Lee Jeong‐Beom Nam Jae‐Eun Jung Jee‐Hyun Ryu Joo‐Hyun Han Kyung‐Do Suh Yong‐Jin Kim Jongwon Shim Junoh Kim Sang‐Hoon Han Kookheon Char Yeon Kyung Kim Jin Ho Chung Min Jung Lee Byeong Cheol Kang Jin‐Woong Kim 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2010,22(6):739-743
997.
Sung Hyo Hong 《Papers in Regional Science》2014,93(4):803-818
This study investigates the magnitude of localization economies by analysing the relocation pattern of Korean establishments in the manufacturing sector. Relocation of establishments is identified by their move across the border of wards, counties, or cities and distinguished between beyond and within their workers' commuting distance. It seems that relocation beyond commuting distance costs more than that within commuting distance since the former includes additional costs related with searching for, hiring, and training new workers. Key findings of this paper show that external benefits from agglomeration are large enough to be recognized by manufacturers through relocation beyond the border of their workers' commuting area. When the own industry's share of employment in all manufacturing industries becomes doubled through relocation, the probability for establishments to relocate over a long distance across the boundary of their workers' commuting area rises by 17 per cent. The results for sub‐samples divided by the age of establishments show that older establishments are more likely to relocate over a long distance to an area with disproportionate presence of establishments in the same industry. These results seem to fit product life cycle theory by Duranton and Puga. As the production process of the product becomes standardized, the firms producing that product tend to relocate to the specialized area where they can reduce the production costs by increasing dependence on the existing intermediate input suppliers, who are more likely to appear in a more specialized area. 相似文献
998.
Changwoon Nah Kwang‐Un Jeong Youn‐Sik Lee Soo‐Hyoung Lee Mohamed Mustafa Abdul Kader Hong Ki Lee Jou‐Hyeon Ahn 《Polymer International》2013,62(3):375-381
Newly proposed polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) composed of an electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibrous mat embedded in a poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) matrix were successfully fabricated in order to improve the mechanical and dimensional stabilities and ionic conductivity of membranes in lithium rechargeable batteries. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis showed that as a result of the use of a high voltage during electrospinning the crystalline structure of PVDF changed partially from α‐phase to β‐phase. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy confirmed the existence of crosslinked P4VP in the PVDF fibrous mat. The electrolyte uptakes of PVDF and PVDF/P4VP composite mats were higher than that of PVDF cast film. The tensile properties of PVDF/P4VP composite mat were considerably improved compared to those of the pristine PVDF fibrous mat under both dry and wet (soaked with electrolyte) conditions. In addition, the mechanical and dimensional stabilities of the PVDF/P4VP composite PEM were further enhanced due to crosslinking between the P4VP chains. Furthermore, the PVDF/P4VP composite PEM exhibited an ionic conductivity that was an order of magnitude higher than that of traditional PVDF film. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
999.
1000.
Inhalation is the main route for aerosol entering the human body. Many occupational lung diseases are associated with exposure to fiber aerosol in the workplace. However, very few studies to date have been conducted for investigating fiber deposition in the human airway. As a result, there is a notable lack of information on the nature of the fiber deposition pattern in the human respiratory tract. With this in mind, this research consisted of a large number of experimental works to investigate the effects of fiber dimension on the deposition pattern for a human nasal airway. Carbon fibers with uniform diameter (3.66 μm) and polydispersed length were adopted as the test material. Deposition studies were conducted by delivering aerosolized carbon fibers into a nasal airway replica (encompassing the nasal airway regions from vestibule to nasopharynx) at constant inspiratory flow rates of 7.5, 15, 30, and 43.5 l/min. Fibers deposited in each nasal airway region were washed out and the length distribution was determined by microscopic measurement. The results showed that impaction is the dominant deposition mechanism. Most of the fibers with high inertia deposited in the anterior region of the nasal airway (vestibule and nasal valve). In contrast, fibers with low inertia were found to pass through the entire nasal airway easily and collected on the filter at the outlet. Comparing the deposition results between fibers and spherical particles, our data showed that the deposition efficiencies of fibers are significantly lower than that of spherical particles, which implies that the inhaled fibers could pass through the entire nasal airway comparatively easier than spherical particles. Thus, relatively more fibers would be able to enter the lower respiratory tract. 相似文献