宝浪油田宝北区块套管失效机理研究

为了深化宝浪油田的套损机理研究．提出了套管损坏因素新的分类方法。根据该新分类法,研究了宝北区块的套损机理。研究结果揭示了套损井的分布区域在主力油藏区域和主力油层;在构造顶部区域和油层顶部层段;为边缘注水井;集中在强度较低,变形量较大的煤层段和泥岩层段;在储层强度较低的射孔段。这些规律可以用有限元分析和实验结果合理地解释。     

分形图像压缩的信源信道联合编码

本文针对分形图像压缩编码后所得各部分压缩数据的特点，分析了分形图像压缩各部分数据在传输中对传输信道干扰的敏感程度，并根据各部分数据对信道干扰的敏感程度的不同，提出了一种分形图像压缩的信源信道联合编码方法。仿真结果表明，采用所提出的分形图像压缩的信源信道联合编码方法后，分形图像压缩数据对传输信道的敏感程度降低，图像质量有较大提高。     

Influence of aggregate content on the migration coefficient of concrete materials using electrochemical method

In order to investigate the effect of coarse aggregate content on the chloride ion migration coefficient of concrete, specimens with different coarse aggregate volume fractions and two water/cement (w/c) ratios of mortar matrix were used. The chloride ion migration coefficient of concrete is obtained using the electrochemical technique to accelerate chloride ion migration in cement-based material and the experimental results were plotted as a function of the fine aggregate volume fraction. The results are analyzed comparing experimental results and theoretical models that represent the concretes as three-phase composite materials. The three phases are the mortar matrix, the coarse aggregate, and the interfacial transition zone between the two. The chloride ion migration coefficient is used to assess the dilution, tortuosity, interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and, percolation effects of coarse aggregate in concrete. It appears that the dilution and tortuosity effects are a dominant factor affecting the chloride ion migration coefficient of concrete in the low volume fraction of coarse aggregate. As the volume fraction of coarse aggregate increases to 40 and 20% in concrete of w/c ratio 0.35 and 0.45, respectively, the ITZ with percolation effects are significantly.     

光纤接入网步入快速发展期

光纤接入一直是多年来人们不断追求的梦想和探索的技术方向，但由于成本、技术、需求等方面的障碍，至今还没有得到大规模推广与发展。然而，这种局面最近有了很大的改观，出现可迅速发展的势头。主要是因为一些国家政策的扶持、运营商竞争的需要、对收入的追求，以及设备本身价格的下降，光纤接入技术由于各种原因，至今尚未在全球广泛应用，但在日本、美国、瑞典和意大利等国都获得了较多的应用。在中国，光纤接入也有了良好的开端，将在大城市广泛应用，并逐渐推广到全国。     

A borrow-and-return model to reduce client waiting time for broadcasting-based VOD services

One way to broadcast a popular video is to use multiple channels, each broadcasting a portion of the video periodically. Among the many schemes falling in this category, this paper focuses on several representative schemes (such as FB, Pagoda, and RFS ), which all share a FSFC property by repeatedly broadcasting the first segment of the video on the first channel. We propose a general borrow-and-return model that can be immediately applied to any scheme owning the FSFC property to reduce the viewer's waiting time without increasing the number of channels required. Given a group of videos, the basic idea is to lend the free time slots of videos without viewers to those videos with viewers to speedup the latter's transmission. By so doing, some bandwidth may be vacated by the borrowing videos to benefit others' transmission. The effectiveness of this model is analyzed by applying it to the FB scheme.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的火车闸片摩擦系数测试系统

虚拟仪器是当今仪器仪表发展的趋势，根据硬件结构、总线结构、开发平台的不同，虚拟仪嚣系统有一套典型开发步骤和系统构建方式。本文介绍了一个利用基于虚拟仪器技术的火车闸片摩擦系数测试系统的设计，给出了系统的硬件结构和软件设计的思路。     

Digital watermarking robust to geometric distortions.

In this paper, we present two watermarking approaches that are robust to geometric distortions. The first approach is based on image normalization, in which both watermark embedding and extraction are carried out with respect to an image normalized to meet a set of predefined moment criteria. We propose a new normalization procedure, which is invariant to affine transform attacks. The resulting watermarking scheme is suitable for public watermarking applications, where the original image is not available for watermark extraction. The second approach is based on a watermark resynchronization scheme aimed to alleviate the effects of random bending attacks. In this scheme, a deformable mesh is used to correct the distortion caused by the attack. The watermark is then extracted from the corrected image. In contrast to the first scheme, the latter is suitable for private watermarking applications, where the original image is necessary for watermark detection. In both schemes, we employ a direct-sequence code division multiple access approach to embed a multibit watermark in the discrete cosine transform domain of the image. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed watermarking schemes are robust to a wide range of geometric attacks.     

Bioeffects of Low Energy Ion-Beam Implantation and Vacuum Treatment on M1 Arabidopsis Thaliana

Vacuum treatment and ion-beam bombardment are two major processes in the low energy ion-beam implantation. To accurately study the contributions of these two major factors to the bioeffects separately, the M1 generation variation of Arabidopsis thaliana with ion-beam implantation and vacuum treatment were compared through a series of key plant development parameters including morphological observation, biochemical assay and RAPD （random amplified polymorphic DNA） analysis. The results showed that ion-beam implantation had obvious effect on almost all of these parameters, and the vacuum treatment had some impacts on several morphological parameters such as the bolting time and the length of the primary stem. Taking the results together, the indication is that vacuum treatment has some slight contributions to the bioeffects of ion-beam implantation while ion-beam bombardment itself is the major creator of the bioeffects.     

PetroChina Posts All-time High Oil and Gas Production in 2005

PetroChina, China＇s largest oil and gas producer, has set a record high for its 2005 oil and gas output by producing 1.034 billion barrels ofoil equivalent in total, rising by 5.5 percent from a year earlier. The company produced 105.9 million tons of crude oil last year from its domestic assets, accounting for 58 percent of the country＇s total oil output. The company＇s domestic production in 2005 is equal to 842 million barrels, the highest level since the company issued IPO at NYSE and HKSE in 2000. This represented an increase of 12.80 million barrels,     

Trenched‐Sinker LDMOSFET (TS‐LDMOS) Structure for 2 GHz Power Amplifiers

This paper proposes a new LDMOSFET structure with a trenched sinker for high‐power RF amplifiers. Using a low‐temperature, deep‐trench technology, we succeeded in drastically shrinking the sinker area to one‐third the size of the conventional diffusion‐type structure. The RF performance of the proposed device with a channel width of 5 mm showed a small signal gain of 16.5 dB and a maximum peak power of 32 dBm with a power‐added efficiency of 25% at 2 GHz. Furthermore, the trench sinker, which was applied to the guard ring to suppress coupling between inductors, showed an excellent blocking performance below ?40 dB at a frequency of up to 20 GHz. These results confirm that the proposed trenched sinker should be an effective technology both as a compact sinker for RF power devices and as a guard ring against coupling.