电站锅炉粉煤灰漂珠富集模拟研究

粉煤灰中的漂珠具有很好的工业再利用价值，常规湿法分选漂珠的方法因提纯溶剂的消耗量较大，导致成本较高。本文提出一种在旋风分离器底部送入灰气混合物，上部送入辅助风形成旋流进而富集漂珠的方法，采用欧拉-拉格朗日模型对富集装置内的气固两相流展开数值模拟，验证该方法的可行性；研究芯管高度、底部灰气混合物入射速度及上部辅助风送入速度对富集效果的影响。研究发现，该方法在芯管高度为3 000 mm，上部辅助风送入速度为3.0 m/s，底部灰气混合物入射速度为7.5 m/s条件下，富集后的漂珠质量分数可提升45%。该方法在提高湿法分选前的漂珠质量分数，降低湿法分选的成本方面有明显效果。     

某河床式水电站溢流坝裂缝分析处理

混凝土坝裂缝的预防和控制是混凝土坝工程设计和施工的重点研究课题,每个工程混凝土裂缝发生的部位和数量各不相同,裂缝的成因也不尽相同,只有分析清楚裂缝的成因和危害才能采取相应的措施进行预防和解决.本文对某河床式水电站溢流坝闸墩和堰面裂缝的成因和危害进行了详细的分析,针对性地提出了裂缝处理方案和后续预防措施.电站溢流坝闸墩及堰面裂缝经处理后已有裂缝已封闭,后续混凝土浇筑未见新的裂缝产生,目前工程已安全运行十多年.     

Governance of institutional complexity in megaproject organizations

A significant research gap exists in our understanding of how to govern institutional complexity in megaproject organizations. In this paper, we conduct a case study of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project in order to elaborate on whence institutional complexity emerges and how institutional complexity affects project outcomes and shapes actors' behaviors. We find that institutional complexity stems from both external (macro-level) environments and internal actors (micro-level environments), and consists of regulatory, political, and social complexity and cultural, evolutionary, and relational complexity, respectively. In addition, we find that institutional complexity from the macro environments will result in constraint conflicts in megaproject organizations, whereas the different practices and identities of the project's various micro-actors will create organizational conflicts. We also find that actors within the megaproject organizations choose different responses when faced with different types of institutional complexity. Our approach offers conceptual refinements and a new sensitizing framework for guiding studies of how, in practice, to govern institutional complexity of megaproject organizations.     

活性炭纤维吸附装置在发泡剂CFCs回收中的应用

在冰箱拆卸过程中，聚氨酯硬质泡沫会释放出大量CFCs，而CFCs是重要的温室气体之一，因此，冰箱拆卸过程中尾气中CFCs回收受到大家重视。本文介绍了利用活性炭纤维回收家电拆卸过程中释放出氟里昂的装置。该装置自动运行，工艺先进，并且利用高效的吸附剂一活性炭纤维。运行实践表明，利用该装置可以有效的处理冰箱拆卸过程中释放出的CFCs。     

醋酸裂解二段反应器存在问题及解决方法

对中国石油吉林石化4．4万t／a醋酐装置裂化炉二段反应器运行周期短的问题进行了详细的分析。阐明了其问题产生的原因是由于结构因素导致处裂化炉喉口高温区、二段反应器检维修质量下降和二段反应器管内温度跑温（因催化剂加入量波动、裂化炉投料量因高位槽液位低突然中断供料、真空度受供配料岗位压送稀醋酸操作波动等诸多因素造成跑温）。提出了行之有效的解决办法，并在实际实施后收到良好的效果。     

Adaptive variable universe of discourse fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown dead zones

In this paper, based on an adaptive nonbackstepping design algorithm, we proposed a novel variable universe of discourse fuzzy control (VUDFC) approach for a class of single‐input–single‐output strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with unknown dead‐zone inputs. Firstly, we convert the form of system into a normal form on the basis of some new state variables and coordinate transformation; at the same time, state‐feedback control is changed to output‐feedback control. Secondly, we design observers to estimate the new unmeasurable states. Then, different from considering the traditional backstepping‐based fuzzy control scheme, we introduce a direct VUDFC scheme, which is mainly based on changing of contraction‐expansion factors to modify the universe of discourse online, and fuzzy rules can automatically reproduce to develop the control performance; thus, the size of initial rule base is greatly reduced. This new algorithm can alleviate tracking error, improve the accuracy of the system, and strengthen robustness. Lastly, according to Lyapunov theorem analysis, we prove that all the signals in the closed‐loop system can be guaranteed to be stable, and the output can track the reference signal very well. Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed VUDFC approach.     

Antioxidant activities of chicken liver hydrolysates by pepsin treatment

This study was divided into two parts: (i) an optimal hydrolysing procedure of chicken liver hydrolysates (CLHs) and (ii) the in vivo antioxidant properties of CLHs via a D‐galactose‐induced mouse model. A pepsin‐to‐raw chicken liver mass ratio (1:400, w:w) and 2‐h hydrolysing period were chosen to manufacture CLHs based on yield, peptide level and antioxidant effect. Molecular masses of CLHs were lower than 10 kDa. CLH was rich in aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and also contained both manganese and selenium, which are essential cofactors of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, respectively. The contents of cadmium, mercury, tin, and arsenic in CLHs were very low and even no detectible. Regarding the in vivo antioxidant activity of CLHs, a dosage of 1.2 g D‐galactose kg^?1 body weight increased (P < 0.05) 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values and decreased (P < 0.05) glutathione and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values, as well as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum and organs of mice. However, the in vivo antioxidant capacities were improved (P < 0.05) by supplementing CLHs.     

Research on proton radiation effects on CMOS image sensors with experimental and particle transport simulation methods

Science China Information Sciences - This paper is concerned with the entropy optimization based filter design for a class of multivariate dynamic stochastic systems with simultaneous presence of...     

Solution‐processable and electroactive aromatic polyamides with 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)triphenylamine moiety

New fluorine‐containing, triphenylamine‐based diamine and dicarboxylic acid monomers, namely 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4′,4″‐diaminotriphenylamine and 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4′,4″‐dicarboxytriphenylamine, were synthesized and polymerized with commercially available aromatic dicarboxylic acids and diamines, respectively, leading to two series of aromatic polyamides, 5a–h and 7a–e . Most of the polyamides were amorphous and readily soluble in many common organic solvents and could be solution‐cast into transparent, flexible and strong films with good mechanical properties. The polyamides had useful levels of thermal stability associated with high glass transition temperatures of 273–305 °C and 10% weight‐loss temperatures in excess of 500 °C. Cyclic voltammograms of films of polymers 5a–h on indium–tin oxide‐coated glass substrates exhibited reversible oxidation redox couples with E_1/2 around 1.15 V versus Ag/AgCl in tetrabutylammonium perchlorate/acetonitrile solution, accompanied by a color change from colorless neutral state to reddish brown oxidized state. The 7 series polymers displayed a higher oxidation potential and less electrochemical stability as compared to the 5 series analogues. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry