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991.
The objective of the probabilistic data analysis presented in this paper was to enable the thermal process to be set on actual data rather than on generic or conservative rules. The application was an ambient stable soup product, heated in a continuous UHT line. The data set comes from a decade of microbiological analysis: initial spore load and survival spore concentration after moderate heat-treatment (100 °C for 15 min and 110 °C for 15 min) have been enumerated in forty eight ingredients. The probabilistic analysis was carried out within a risk-based context, considering a Performance Objective, PO, set after the heat-treatment process and an initial spore contamination (H0) at the ingredient mixing step. The probabilistic analysis was based upon Bayesian inference, chosen for its flexibility when dealing with censored data (some values were reported as less than 1 log cfu/g) and also for its ability to incorporate in the data analysis prior information. Beforehand, Z values around 10 °C for aerobic bacterial spores, and log count error around 1 log, were assumed. The methodology and the results are reported using two ingredients (garlic and milk powder) illustrating the ‘not detected’ (censored data) issue and also the inter-ingredient variability. Indeed, Z was estimated to be 13.6 °C (mean) for spores selected from garlic and 5.9 °C for those selected from milk powder. Based upon a hypothetical soup recipe with these two ingredients, the sterilization value was estimated to be 13 min (95th percentile). The potential use of similar methodology to design and set the sterilization value for the thermal process of future products, is discussed. 相似文献
992.
Discrimination of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Açaí) and Euterpe edulis Mart. (Juçara) Intact Fruit Using Near‐Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and Linear Discriminant Analysis 下载免费PDF全文
993.
994.
Maria José Fernández-Reiriz Laura Pastoriza Gabriel Sampedro Juan J. Herrera 《European Food Research and Technology》1995,200(6):420-424
The effects of the storage temperature (?18 °C and ?40 °C) and the addition of butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) on the different classes of lipids (phospholipids, triacylglycerides, free fatty acids, sterols and sterol esters plus waxes) and the fatty acid composition of minced (8 and 12 mm) and whole rayfish wing muscle stored for 1 year in the frozen state were studied. The phospholipid content decreased significantly and the free fatty acid content increased significantly at both storage temperatures, but more pronounced, at ?18 °C. Significant differences were found between phospholipid and free fatty acid contents of the minced and the whole samples, which again were more pronounced at ?18 °C. A significant increase of the major fatty acids (22∶: 6n-3 and 16:0) was observed after 1 year in the frozen state. Significant differences were also obtained between the samples stored at ?18 °C and at ?40 °C; the lower the storage temperature, the higher their content. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content increased significantly in all the samples. Significant differences were found between the samples stored at ?18°C and at ?40°C. The lower the temperature, the higher the PUFA content. Nonsignificant differences were observed between the 8-mm and the 12-mm minced samples. Non-significant differences were found between the samples stored in the presence and in the absence of BHT. Mincing hastened hydrolytic and oxidative processes, which were slowed down at the lower storage temperature. Nonetheless, nonsignificant differences were found between both particle sizes. 相似文献
995.
Optimization of high-resolution continuous flow analysis for transient climate signals in ice cores 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bigler M Svensson A Kettner E Vallelonga P Nielsen ME Steffensen JP 《Environmental science & technology》2011,45(10):4483-4489
Over the past two decades, continuous flow analysis (CFA) systems have been refined and widely used to measure aerosol constituents in polar and alpine ice cores in very high-depth resolution. Here we present a newly designed system consisting of sodium, ammonium, dust particles, and electrolytic meltwater conductivity detection modules. The system is optimized for high-resolution determination of transient signals in thin layers of deep polar ice cores. Based on standard measurements and by comparing sections of early Holocene and glacial ice from Greenland, we find that the new system features a depth resolution in the ice of a few millimeters which is considerably better than other CFA systems. Thus, the new system can resolve ice strata down to 10 mm thickness and has the potential of identifying annual layers in both Greenland and Antarctic ice cores throughout the last glacial cycle. 相似文献
996.
Malheiro R de Pinho PG Casal S Bento A Pereira JA 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(9):1693-1701
BACKGROUND: The volatile composition of alcaparras stoned table olives produced from five of the most representative olive cultivars (cv. Cobrançosa, Madural, Negrinha de Freixo, Santulhana and Verdeal Transmontana) from the Trás‐os‐Montes region (north‐east of Portugal) was analytically characterised using headspace–solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography–ion trap–mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Overall, 42 volatile compounds were identified, belonging to distinct chemical classes: 15 aldehydes, seven esters, five alcohols, five sesquiterpenes, four norisoprenoids derivates, three monoterpenes, o ne ketone and two alkenes. Aldehydes were the major chemical class identified in all olive cultivars studied (more than 74% of all the volatile compounds identified). Hexanal, phenylacetaldehyde and (E,E)‐2,4‐heptadienal were the major volatile compounds identified. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to discriminate the results obtained from the volatile profile of the five olive cultivars by using principal component analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative fractions of alcaparras table olives were influenced by olive cultivar, which confers a single aroma. This fact certainly influences consumer preference and acceptability towards a specific olive cultivar. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
997.
The effectiveness of nisin, lactate salts, and high hydrostatic pressure to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella in sliced cooked ham was studied through a combination of PCR-based detection methods, most probable number, and classical microbial enumeration techniques (International Organization for Standardization protocols). A synergistic effect to inhibit a cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes CTC1010, CTC1011, and CTC1034 was observed between potassium lactate, high hydrostatic pressure (400 MPa, 17 degrees C, 10 min), and low storage temperature when sliced cooked ham was stored for 84 days at 1 degrees C. The high hydrostatic pressure treatment also proved to be useful to inhibit a cocktail of Salmonella enterica serotypes London CTC1003, Schwarzengrund CTC1015, and Derby CTC1022. 相似文献
998.
999.
Anders A. Larsen Martin Bendsøe Jesper Hattel Henrik Schmidt 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2009,38(3):289-299
The aim of this paper is to optimize a thermal model of a friction stir welding process by finding optimal welding parameters.
The optimization is performed using space mapping and manifold mapping techniques in which a coarse model is used along with
the fine model to be optimized. Different coarse models are applied and the results and computation time are compared to gradient
based optimization using the full model. It is found that the use of space and manifold mapping reduces the computational
cost significantly due to the fact that fewer function evaluations and no fine model gradient information is required. 相似文献
1000.
Jeffrey Perl Sahir Kalim Ron Wald Marc B. Goldstein Andrew T. Yan Nazanin Noori Mercedeh Kiaii Julia Wenger Christopher Chan Ravi I. Thadhani S. Ananth Karumanchi Anders H. Berg 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2016,20(4):510-521
Introduction Among conventional hemodialysis (CHD) patients, carbamylated serum albumin (C‐Alb) correlates with urea and amino acid deficiencies and is associated with mortality. We postulated that reduction of C‐Alb by intensive HD may correlate with improvements in protein metabolism and cardiac function. Methods One‐year observational study of in‐center nocturnal extended hemodialysis (EHD) patients and CHD control subjects. Thirty‐three patients receiving 4‐hour CHD who converted to 8‐hour EHD were enrolled, along with 20 controls on CHD. Serum C‐Alb, biochemistries, and cardiac MRI parameters were measured before and after 12 months of EHD. Findings EHD was associated with reduction of C‐Alb (average EHD change ?3.20 mmol/mol [95% CI ?4.23, ?2.17] compared to +0.21 [95% CI ?1.11, 1.54] change in CHD controls, P < 0.001). EHD was also associated with increases in average essential amino acids (in standardized units) compared to CHD (+0.38 [0.08, 0.68 95%CI]) vs. ?0.12 [?0.50, 0.27, 95% CI], P = 0.047). Subjects who reduced C‐Alb more than 25% were found to have reduced left ventricular mass, increased urea reduction ratio, and increased serum albumin compared to nonresponders, and % change in C‐Alb significantly correlated with % change in left ventricular mass. Discussion EHD was associated with reduction of C‐Alb as compared to CHD, and reduction of C‐Alb by EHD correlates with reduction of urea. Additional studies are needed to test whether reduction of C‐Alb by EHD also correlates with improved clinical outcomes. 相似文献