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排序方式: 共有95条查询结果,搜索用时 18 毫秒
21.
Serguei Martemianov Daniil Bograchev Jean‐Claude Grandidier Jean‐Jacques Kadjo 《国际能源研究杂志》2010,34(7):635-642
The experimental and theoretical studying of mechanical effects in running fuel cell is provided. It is shown that under optimized operating conditions it is possible to obtain the electrical performances of fuel cells at about 1 W cm−2. The further improvements can be achieved by means of mechanical effects. In particular, the influence of mechanical properties of seal joints and clamping bolt torques on the electrical performance is studied experimentally. It is demonstrated that rigid seal joints improve the electrical performance in comparison with the soft seal joints. Concerning the influence of the bolt torques, a certain optimal value is found for different types of MEA. The numerical modelling of mechanical stresses in running fuel cell is made. The developed model includes the main components of a real fuel cell (the membrane, the gas diffusion layers, the graphite plates, and the seal joints) and the clamping elements (the steel plates, the bolts, and the nuts). The operating conditions have been taken into account by imposing heat sources and humidity field. The results of modelling illustrate the main mechanical effects arising in the entire fuel cell. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Yunbo Chen Daniil Nozdriukhin Sandra Michel-Souzy Clemens Padberg Frederik R. Wurm Daniel Razansky Xosé Luís Deán-Ben Olga Koshkina 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,19(29):2370221
Optoacoustic (OA, photoacoustic) imaging synergistically combines rich optical contrast with the resolution of ultrasound within light-scattering biological tissues. Contrast agents have become essential to boost deep-tissue OA sensitivity and fully exploit the capabilities of state-of-the-art OA imaging systems, thus facilitating the clinical translation of this modality. Inorganic particles with sizes of several microns can also be individually localized and tracked, thus enabling new applications in drug delivery, microrobotics, or super-resolution imaging. However, significant concerns have been raised regarding the low bio-degradability and potential toxic effects of inorganic particles. Bio-based, biodegradable nano- and microcapsules consisting of an aqueous core with clinically-approved indocyanine green (ICG) and a cross-linked casein shell obtained in an inverse emulsion approach are introduced. The feasibility to provide contrast-enhanced in vivo OA imaging with nanocapsules as well as localizing and tracking individual larger microcapsules of 4–5 µm is demonstrated. All components of the developed capsules are safe for human use and the inverse emulsion approach is known to be compatible with a variety of shell materials and payloads. Hence, the enhanced OA imaging performance can be exploited in multiple biomedical studies and can open a route to clinical approval of agents detectable at a single-particle level. 相似文献
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Hongmei Tang Dmitriy D. Karnaushenko Volker Neu Felix Gabler Sitao Wang Lixiang Liu Yang Li Jiawei Wang Minshen Zhu Oliver G. Schmidt 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,16(35)
Miniaturization of batteries lags behind the success of modern electronic devices. Neither the device volume nor the energy density of microbatteries meets the requirement of microscale electronic devices. The main limitation for pushing the energy density of microbatteries arises from the low mass loading of active materials. However, merely pushing the mass loading through increased electrode thickness is accompanied by the long charge transfer pathway and inferior mechanical properties for long‐term operation. Here, a new spiral microelectrode upon stress‐actuation accomplishes high mass loading but short charge transfer pathways. At a small footprint area of around 1 mm2, a 21‐fold increase of the mass loading is achieved while featuring fast charge transfer at the nanoscale. The spiral microelectrode delivers a maximum area capacity of 1053 µAh cm?2 with a retention of 67% over 50 cycles. Moreover, the energy density of the cylinder microbattery using the spiral microelectrode as the anode reaches 12.6 mWh cm?3 at an ultrasmall volume of 3 mm3. In terms of the device volume and energy density, the cylinder microbattery outperforms most of the current microbattery technologies, and hence provides a new strategy to develop high‐performance microbatteries that can be integrated with miniaturized electronic devices. 相似文献
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Magnetic Suspension Array Technology: Controlled Synthesis and Screening in Microfluidic Networks 下载免费PDF全文
Gungun Lin Dmitriy D. Karnaushenko Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez Oliver G. Schmidt Denys Makarov 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,12(33):4553-4562
Information tagging and processing are vital in information‐intensive applications, e.g., telecommunication and high‐throughput drug screening. Magnetic suspension array technology may offer intrinsic advantages to screening applications by enabling high distinguishability, the ease of code generation, and the feasibility of fast code readout, though the practical applicability of magnetic suspension array technology remains hampered by the lack of quality administration of encoded microcarriers. Here, a logic‐controlled microfluidic system enabling controlled synthesis of magnetic suspension arrays in multiphase flow networks is realized. The smart and compact system offers a practical solution for the quality administration and screening of encoded magnetic microcarriers and addresses the universal need of process control for synthesis in microfluidic networks, i.e., on‐demand creation of droplet templates for high information capacity. The demonstration of magnetic suspension array technology enabled by magnetic in‐flow cytometry opens the avenue toward point‐of‐care multiplexed bead‐based assays, clinical diagnostics, and drug discovery. 相似文献
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A methodology for determining the optimal voxel size for phase thresholding in nanostructured materials was developed using an atom simulator and a model system of a fixed two-phase composition and volume fraction. The voxel size range was banded by the atom count within each voxel. Some voxel edge lengths were found to be too large, resulting in an averaging of compositional fluctuations; others were too small with concomitant decreases in the signal-to-noise ratio for phase identification. The simulated methodology was then applied to the more complex experimentally determined data set collected from a (Co0.95Fe0.05)88Zr6Hf1B4Cu1 two-phase nanocomposite alloy to validate the approach. In this alloy, Zr and Hf segregated to an intergranular amorphous phase while Fe preferentially segregated to a crystalline phase during the isothermal annealing step that promoted primary crystallization. The atom probe data analysis of the volume fraction was compared to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) dark-field imaging analysis and a lever rule analysis of the volume fraction within the amorphous and crystalline phases of the ribbon. 相似文献
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Vamsy P. Chodavarapu Daniil O. Shubin Rachel M. Bukowski Albert H. Titus Alexander N. Cartwright Frank V. Bright 《IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers》2007,54(1):111-118
The design and development of a phase fluorometric oxygen (O2 ) sensor system using single-chip CMOS detection and processing integrated circuit (DPIC) and sol-gel derived xerogel thin-film sensor elements is described. The sensor system determines analyte concentrations using the excited state lifetime measurements of an O2-sensitive luminophore (tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10- phenathroline)ruthenium (II)) embedded in the xerogel matrix. A light emitting diode (LED) is used as the excitation source, and the fluorescence is detected by the DPIC using a 16times16 phototransistor array on-chip. The DPIC also consists of a current mirror, current-to-voltage converter, amplifier, bandpass filter, and phase detector. The DPIC output is a dc voltage that corresponds to the detected fluorescence phase shift. With a 14-kHz modulation frequency, the entire system including driving the LED consumes 80 mW of average power. The sensor system provides stable, reproducible, analytically reliable, and fast response (~20 s) to changes in the gaseous oxygen concentrations and establishes the viability for low cost, low power and miniaturized biochemical sensor systems 相似文献
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