Primary intraosseous meningioma of the vault

Primitive intra-osseous meningioma is a rare benign tumor. We report a case with a temporal localization and antro-attical extension into the petrous bone.     

Real-Time Control System Adopted to Energy Storage for Smart Grid Low Wind Applications: A Part of Distributed Renewables in Smart City

In this paper, extensive efforts have been undertaken to design and develop a control system, which is incorporated with an energy storage device that can store energy from low-voltage renewable sources. The developed device acts as a storage element, which can be used to charge small-scale batteries, cellular devices, and other applications in remote places where the grid connection is not available. The circuit is developed using a case-by-case analysis. In order to solve the low output voltage problem, a bipolar junction transistor-metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (BJT-MOSFET) based switch control technology with the Arduino microcontroller has been implemented. The developed control system is extremely efficient in charging batteries through a supercapacitor for low-voltage sources. In this research, a small-scale 200-W portable vertical axis wind turbine is used at a wind speed of 3 m/s. The result shows the efficiency of the proposed system as compared with the conventional systems. The proposed system can be an important tool of the latest distributed energy generation technology which is an important part of a smart city. Lastly, the limitations and future scopes of the development of the control device are discussed for the future barrier. An important future scope identified is to integrate the Internet of Things based mobile interface for remote monitoring for any kind of pandemic situation like COVID-19. Now, it is high time to get our smart city concept aligned with the post COVID pandemic situation and get us prepared smartly for similar future occurrences.     

Cubic fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators and its application to decision-making

In this paper, we define some Einstein operations on cubic fuzzy set (CFS) and develop three arithmetic averaging operators, which are cubic fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging (CFEWA) operator, cubic fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging (CFEOWA) operator and cubic fuzzy Einstein hybrid weighted averaging (CFEHWA) operator, for aggregating cubic fuzzy data. The CFEHWA operator generalises both the CFEWA and CFEOWA operators. Furthermore, we develop various properties of these operators and derive the relationship between the proposed operators and the exiting aggregation operators. We apply CFEHWA operator to multiple attribute decision-making with cubic fuzzy data. Finally, a numerical example is constructed to demonstrate the established approach.     

Environmentally friendly copolymeric beads of Chlorella vulgaris and poly(methacrylamide) grafted aliginic acid di‐block copolymers for biosorption of zinc ions

The synthesis of biodegradable environmentally friendly copolymeric beads for water treatment biosorption processes is demonstrated. The synthesized poly(methacrylamide) grafted aliginic acid copolymers were characterized using ¹H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TGA and SEM. The di‐block copolymers showed a morphological change from two‐dimensional layer‐by‐layer structures to three‐dimensional well‐compacted wrinkles as grafting efficiency increased. The copolymeric beads were formed from the di‐block copolymer and algae crosslinked with 5% calcium ions (w/w). These copolymeric beads were then subjected to biosorption investigations for zinc ions as a model heavy metal ion at different pH values and stirring time periods. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the copolymeric beads were effective in zinc ion removal from aqueous solutions with maximum uptake exceeding 89.0 mg g^–1 using higher grafting efficiency copolymeric beads at pH 5.5. Equilibrium pH studies revealed that zinc biosorption was pH dependent and maximum uptake was obtained at pH 5.5. Dynamics studies showed that the biosorption of zinc was rapid with equilibrium attained within 40 min and the data followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The equilibrium biosorption of zinc ions on the copolymeric beads exhibited a Freundlich isotherm fit. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Performance evaluation of the Over-The-Air activation procedure in a large scale LoRaWAN

LoRaWAN is a promising LPWAN technology for IoT connectivity. It offers long-range and wide-area communication at low-power, low cost and low data rate. LoRaWAN performance has been evaluated according to many features such as coverage, scalability, physical layer parameters, communication reliability and latency. Existing studies assume that the LoRaWAN end-devices are already connected to the LoRa NetServer. Therefore, the performance of LoRaWAN activation procedure has not been well investigated. In this work, we study the performance of LoRaWAN during the Over-The-Air activation procedure. This process enables a large number of end-devices to join the network before being able to exchange any kind of packets. Thus, we analyze the average activation delay and the average energy consumption for an end-device in a large scale LoRaWAN. To achieve this goal, we first implement the Over-The-Air activation procedure in ns-3, especially in the ’lorawan’ module and conduct extensive simulations. Then, we elaborate a mathematical model using Markov-chain to evaluate both the delay and the energy consumption analytically. Our study shows that in a LoRaWAN cell composed of 1000 end-devices, the average activation delay for an end-device is about 35 minutes and this activation requires an average of three join-packet transmissions and an average energy consumption of 0.0887J.

     

Optimization of submerged Aspergillus oryzae S2 α-amylase production

Food Science and Biotechnology - Use of 4 agro-industrial by products and organic materials as nitrogen sources for production of Aspergillus oryzae S2 α-amylase in liquid culture was...     

Preparation of gold nanoparticles under presence of the diblock polyampholyte PMAA-<Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis>-PDMAEMA

The preparation of gold nanoparticles in presence of different weak polyampholytes is investigated. As diblock polyampholytes several poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly((dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate), PMAA-b-PDMAEMA, have been used, characterized by different molecular weight and block ratio. HAuCl₄ is used as gold precursor where LiBH₄ is acting as reductive agent to obtain the gold nanoparticles. The addition of gold precursors to aqueous solutions of PMAA-b-PDMAEMA polyampholytes leads to an acidification of the solution resulting in a change of the polyampholyte conformation through protonation of the PDMAEMA blocks. This modification of polyampholyte conformation also allows the tuning of the size and size distribution of the accordingly formed gold nanoparticles. Investigations presented, are performed mainly by AFM of the systems in thin film adsorbed on native oxide-terminated Si substrate. TEM was used to reveal the change in size of the obtained gold nanoparticles.