洗发、护发产品功能添加剂

综述了洗发、护发二合一香波的功能添加剂。从消费者对产品的诉求着手，介绍了改善泡沫润滑感、泡沫稳定性的非离子水溶性聚氧乙烯醚聚合物，改善头发干、湿梳理性及柔软性的阳离子聚合物、阳离子表面活性剂和聚二甲基硅氧烷，维持香波在货架期内稳定的悬浮稳定剂、防腐剂，以及赋予洗发、护发二合一香波附加功能的去屑成分、防晒成分和头发营养滋润成分等。     

Effects of hygrothermally decomposed polyurethane on the curing and mechanical properties of carbon black‐filled epoxidized natural rubber vulcanizates

Hygrothermally decomposed polyurethane (HD‐PUR) was mixed up to 20 phr in epoxidized natural rubber (with 50 mol % epoxidation; ENR50) recipes, and the curing and mechanical behaviors were studied. Mechanical testing of the ENR50/HD‐PUR vulcanizates determined the tensile, tear, compression‐set, hardness, abrasion, hysteresis, and resilience properties. No significant changes were observed in the tensile properties with the incorporation of HD‐PUR. The ENR50 compounds showed an increase in compression set with increasing HD‐PUR content. Rubbers cured by a semi‐efficient vulcanization system gave the best overall performance. A further improvement in curing and mechanical properties was achieved by the carbon black grade N330 being replaced with a more active grade (N375). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2265–2276, 2002     

Graft Copolymerization of Acrylamide onto Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Fiber

Grafting of acrylamide (AAm) onto oil palm empty fruits bunch fiber using hydrogen peroxide as initiator and methyl acrylate as comonomer was investigated. The amount of comonomer needed to make grafting of acrylamide possible was determined. The percentage of poly(acrylamide) and the comonomer in the final graft copolymer was estimated by elemental analysis. Results obtained indicated that methyl acrylate facilitated the incorporation of acrylamide monomer onto OPEFB. The reactivity ratios for both monomers were determined by using Fineman–Ross plot. The effects of reaction temperature and period as well as amount of the initiator, solvent, monomer and comonomer on the percentage of grafting at fixed amount of comonomer (11 mmol) were studied. Maximum percentage of grafting was achieved when the amount of initiator and solvent 3.98×10⁻³ mol and 50 mL respectively. The optimum reaction temperature was 50 ^○C and the reaction period was 90 min. Highest percentage of grafting was 232% when 25.6 mmol of acrylamide was used under these optimum conditions. The presence of functional group in the grafted polymer is characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the surface morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy. Thermoanalytic investigation on OPEFB and OPEFB-g-PAAM were carried out to evaluate the thermal stability and respective activation energy of the materials.     

技术创新在金刚石制品业中的重大作用(下)

通过对国内外近两年来金刚石工具工业技术创新的发展与作用的考察与分析．作者认为必须重视金刚石的镀覆和预合金粉末的应用、容积式冷压机与各种烧结工艺与设备的开发．加快激光焊接锯片，金刚石绳锯与金刚石表面金属化及单层金刚石高温钎焊的开发与应用．重视半导体工业中金刚石工具的应用，特别是CMP的研制与生产。     

基于FLO-2D的泥石流工程治理效果分析——以都江堰银洞子沟泥石流为例

选取地震区典型泥石流沟银洞子沟作为研究对象,运用FLO-2D软件再现该沟2013年泥石流发生过程,验证了通过研究区雨量数据获取泥石流流量线方法的可靠性以及相关模拟参数选取的合理性。在此基础上,基于泥石流发生频率和暴雨爆发频率相同的假设,对不同爆发频率下的泥石流工程治理效果进行了分析。结果表明:工程治理后,当爆发频率为30,50 a时,工程治理效果显著;当爆发频率为100 a时,工程治理效果不显著。因此,建议相关管理部门加强极端降雨条件下泥石流的预警和防治工作。     

中国流行株HIV-1B/C重组亚型包膜蛋白真核表达载体的构建及稳定表达细胞株的筛选

目的获得高质量的中国流行株HIV-1B/C重组亚型包膜蛋白抗原。方法改造表达载体,以构建中国流行株HIV-1B/C重组亚型包膜蛋白基因带有筛选标记的真核细胞表达质粒,将所构建质粒转染真核细胞,用含有抗性的培养基筛选出能够高效、持续表达包膜蛋白的稳定表达细胞株。结果所构建的表达载体pVRPEnv转染细胞后可表达目的蛋白,并建立了稳定表达细胞系。结论获得了可以高效、持续稳定表达中国流行株HIV-1B/C重组亚型包膜蛋白的细胞株。     

浅析超细碳酸钙的几项主要指标

根据对超细碳酸钙制备研究和应用推广试验的体会和经验，阐述了对超细碳酸钙粒径、晶形、比表面积、吸油值、主含量等几项指标的认识，指出超细碳酸钙的重点发展方向是专用化、系列化、多品种化、功能化。应根据用途的不同，对粒径大小、晶体形状、比表面积、吸油值、主含量等提出具有针对性、各具特色的要求。     

基于经验统计的弃渣场失稳致灾距预测模型研究

弃渣场失稳滑坡是一种严重的山地灾害,而对其致灾距离的预测对于灾害的防治具有重要意义。通过收集多组山地灾害数据,并经过处理后提出了滑坡碎屑流致灾距的经验预测模型,并基于此,进一步提出了弃渣场失稳滑坡致灾距的经验预测模型,模型考虑了弃渣体内部因素可能造成的影响,并通过数据拟合对模型的适用性进行了验证。其研究成果具有一定的推广价值。     

蒸汽加热器弯头对焊焊缝开裂失效分析

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子能谱仪等测试手段,从材料成分、微观组织、断口形貌以及腐蚀产物成分等角度,分析了蒸汽加热器弯头对焊焊缝开裂失效的原因——系统操作过程中碱液进入蒸汽加热器所引起的应力腐蚀所致,同时提出了避免蒸汽加热器弯头对焊焊缝开裂失效的防护措施。     

水处理絮凝剂的应用现状及发展趋势

本文对水处理絮凝剂的重要地位、种类以及应用现状做了介绍,对三类主要的絮凝剂——无机絮凝剂、有机絮凝剂和微生物絮凝剂的特性进行了分析,并对其各自的优缺点进行了比较,最后对絮凝剂研究的发展趋势做了展望。