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981.
Tract‐tracing study of the extrabulbar Olfactory projections in the brain of some teleosts 下载免费PDF全文
Biagio D'aniello Luciano Luongo Rakesh K. Rastogi Maria Di Meglio Claudia Pinelli 《Microscopy research and technique》2015,78(4):268-276
The extrabulbar olfactory projections (EBOP) is a collection of nerve fibers that originate from primary olfactory receptor neurons. These fibers penetrate into the brain, bypassing the olfactory bulbs (OBs). While the presence of an EBOP has been well established in teleosts, here we morphologically characterize the EBOP structure in four species each with a different morphological relationship of OB with the ventral telencephalic area. Tract‐tracing methods (carbocyanine DiI/DIA and biocytin) were used. FMRFamide immunoreactive nervus terminalis (NT) components were also visualized to define any neuroanatomical relationship between the NT and EBOP. Unilateral DiI/DiA application to the olfactory chamber stained the entire olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve fibers, and ipsilateral olfactory bulb. Labeled primary olfactory fibers running ventromedially as extrabulbar primary olfactory projections reached various regions of the secondary prosencephalon. Only in Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (no olfactory peduncle) did lipophilic tracer‐labeled fibers reach the ipsilateral mesencephalon. The combination of tracing techniques and FMRFamide immunohistochemistry revealed a substantial overlap of the label along the olfactory pathways as well as in the anterior secondary prosencephalon. However, FMRFamide immunoreactivity was never colocalized in the same cellular or fiber component as visualized using tracer molecules. Our results showed a certain uniformity in the neuroanatomy and extension of EBOP in all four species, independent of the pedunculate feature of the OBs. The present study also provided additional evidence to support the view that EBOP and FMRFamide immunoreactive components of the NT are separate anatomical entities. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:268–276, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
982.
High concentration of phosphorus is a distinctive feature of myelin. An X‐Ray elemental microanalysis study using freeze‐fracture scanning electron microscopy of rat sciatic nerve 下载免费PDF全文
We have used rat sciatic nerves submitted to freezing and freeze‐fracture to determine the elemental composition of small domains of the peripheral nerve studied at high resolution by scanning electron microscopy. We found that myelin of Schwann cells is unique in its high content in phosphorus (P) that was more than 10 times higher than P measured in any other cells. This high concentration in P makes myelin chemistry suitable of monitoring at the subcellular level using the herein described methodology. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:537–539, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
983.
当代法国风景园林行业中的女性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
女性一直在风景园林行业发展中占有一席之地。欧洲以及法国的主要风景园林协会、联盟,都有女性积极参与,虽然并未官居要职,但数量上占有较大比例。对法国风景园林教育研究、设计实践的发展,女性都起到了重要的推动作用。对具有代表性的法国女风景园林师做了梳理与介绍,总结法国当代风景园林行业内女性的发展状况特征。未来,女性将在风景园林领域内持续发挥重要作用。 相似文献
984.
Silvia Cammarano Valerio Roberto Maria Lo Verso Chiara Aghemo 《Building Research & Information》2015,43(2):222-237
Results are presented from a parametric study that assessed the amount of daylight in rooms with different architectural features: the orientation, window size and visible glazing transmittance, room depth, external obstruction angle and site. Annual lighting simulations were run in order to understand how the daylight availability within a space changes as a function of the architectural features. A sub-dataset of the full result database is examined in detail for north- and south-facing rooms in Turin, north-west Italy, with a visible glazing transmittance of 70%. Each feature is analysed for its influence on the daylighting conditions. A simple graphical tool is presented to promote an easier reading of the results. This was developed to provide a synthesis of information to the design team. It shows the influence of preliminary design solutions on the amount of indoor daylight. This allows a design team to assess indoor daylighting from the earliest design phases onwards and to determine which combinations of architectural features are able to provide high, acceptable or low daylight levels within a room. 相似文献
985.
Statistical Regularization for Identification of Structural Parameters and External Loadings Using State Space Models 下载免费PDF全文
Hao Sun Dongming Feng Yang Liu Maria Q. Feng 《Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering》2015,30(11):843-858
A novel numerical approach is presented, in the time domain, to simultaneously identify structural parameters and unmeasured input loadings using incomplete output measurement only. The identification problem is formulated as an optimization process, wherein the objective function is defined as the discrepancy between the measured and the predicted data, and is solved by a damped Gauss‐Newton method. Because the proposed algorithm is a time domain technique, forward analyses are required to obtain predicted system responses so as to compute the discrepancy. Therefore, we propose an input force estimation scheme in the identification process to complete the task of input‐output forward analyses, for the case of output‐only measurement. The relationship between the unknown input loadings and the output measurement is established through a state space model, which basically formulates an ill‐posed least squares problem. A statistical Bayesian inference‐based regularization technique is presented to solve such a least squares problem. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated by both numerical and experimental examples using output‐only measurements of either acceleration or strain time histories. The results clearly show the robustness and the applicability of the proposed algorithm to simultaneously identify structural parameters and unmeasured input loadings with a high accuracy. 相似文献
986.
Giovanni Maria Montuori Monica Fadda Gianpaolo Perrella Elena Mele 《The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings》2015,24(15):912-940
This paper provides a first insight on tube configurations based on the hexagonal shape (hexagrid) for tall buildings. The idea is to investigate the mechanical properties of hexagrid to assess their applicability in tall buildings and to compare their potential efficiency to the more popular diagrid systems. For the above purposes, a general homogenization approach has been established for dealing with any structural patterns, and a methodology for characterizing the structural patterns from the mechanical point of view has been developed and specified for hexagrids and diagrids. Then on the basis of a simple stiffness criterion, a design procedure has been proposed and applied to a tall building case study, and several structural solutions (both hexagrids and diagrids) have been designed and assessed by varying the major geometrical parameters of the patterns. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
987.
Yolandi C. Montgomery Walter W. Focke Maria Atanasova Olinto DelFabbro Cheryl Kelly 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2016,41(5):919-925
The binary Mn+Sb2O3 pyrotechnic composition was investigated for mining detonator time delay applications. EKVI thermodynamic modelling predicted two maxima in the adiabatic reaction temperature. The local maximum, at a manganese fuel content of ca. 36 wt‐%, corresponds to a pure thermite‐type redox reaction: 3 Mn+Sb2O3→3 MnO+2Sb. The overall maximum in the adiabatic reaction temperature (ca. 1640 K), at the fuel‐rich composition of 49 wt‐% Mn, is consistent with the reaction 5 Mn+Sb2O3→3 MnO+2 MnSb, i.e. a combination of the standard thermite with an additional exothermic intermetallic reaction. XRD analysis of combustion residues confirmed the formation of MnSb and Mn2Sb for fuel‐rich compositions. Burn rates were measured using delay elements assembled into commercial detonators. The d50 particle sizes were 23.4 and 0.92 μm for the Mn fuel and Sb2O3 oxidant powders, respectively. The delay elements comprised rolled lead tubes with a length of 44 mm and an outer diameter of 6.4 mm. The rolling action compacted the pyrotechnic compositions to 74 ± 2 % theoretical maximum density. The burning rate increased linearly from 4.2 to 9.4 mm s−1 over the composition range 25–50 wt‐% Mn. 相似文献
988.
Andrea Scaccabarozzi Simona Binetti Maurizio Acciarri Giovanni Isella Roberta Campesato Gabriele Gori Maria Cristina Casale Fulvio Mancarella Michael Noack Hans von Knel Leo Miglio 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2016,24(10):1368-1377
We report preliminary results on InGaP/InGaAs/Ge photovoltaic cells for concentrated terrestrial applications, monolithically integrated on engineered Si(001) substrates. Cells deposited on planar Ge/Si(001) epilayers, grown by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition, provide good efficiency and spectral response, despite the small thickness of the Ge epilayers and a threading dislocation density as large as 107/cm2. The presence of microcracks generated by the thermal misfit is compensated by a dense collection grid that avoids insulated areas. In order to avoid the excessive shadowing introduced by the use of a dense grid, the crack density needs to be lowered. Here, we show that deep patterning of the Si substrate in blocks can be an option, provided that a continuous Ge layer is formed at the top, and it is suitably planarized before the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The crack density is effectively decreased, despite that the efficiency is also lowered with respect to unpatterned devices. The reasons of this efficiency reduction are discussed, and a strategy for improvement is proposed and explored. Full morphological analysis of the coalesced Ge blocks is reported, and the final devices are tested under concentrated AM1.5D spectrum. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
989.
Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei Dario Sorrentino Shabnam Shahrokh Maryam Farmani Fatemeh Ashrafian Maria Pina Dore Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi Raftar Seyed Mobin Khoramjoo Mohammad Reza Zali 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(15)
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are immune-mediated, chronic relapsing diseases with a rising prevalence worldwide in both adult and pediatric populations. Treatment options for immune-mediated diseases, including IBDs, are traditional steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics, none of which are capable of inducing long-lasting remission in all patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a fundamental role in inducing tolerance and regulating T cells and their tolerogenic functions. Hence, modulation of intestinal mucosal immunity by DCs could provide a novel, additional tool for the treatment of IBD. Recent evidence indicates that probiotic bacteria might impact immunomodulation both in vitro and in vivo by regulating DCs’ maturation and producing tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) which, in turn, might dampen inflammation. In this review, we will discuss this evidence and the mechanisms of action of probiotics and their metabolites in inducing tolDCs in IBDs and some conditions associated with them. 相似文献
990.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH/PRL) conducted a series of large-scale experiments to evaluate
the effectiveness of optical flame detectors, photoelectric smoke detectors, and combined ionization and photoelectric smoke
detectors for rapidly detecting mining equipment cab fires. The detector alarm times were then used to trigger the discharge
of a fire inerting system inside the cab to suppress cab material fires. This paper discusses the types of fire detectors
tested, the experiments that were conducted, and the results that were obtained. Conclusions are that rapid detection of equipment
cab fires can be achieved to trigger the discharge of a fire inerting system inside the cab to protect the operator in the
cab. 相似文献