The effect of the initial (controlled) tonus of the arterial vessels on the correlation of arterial pressure and cardiac output during a pressor reaction to a rapid blood volume increase in rats]

A considerable decrease in pressor responses to polyglykine at an elevated arterial tone and constant increase of cardiac output occurred in anesthetised rats. Vascular and cardiac mechanisms of the interrelationship are discussed.     

The regional characteristics of the health of the population and policy in the public health field

We compared the antimicrobial activities of two rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens care systems, a one-step wetting and soaking system (0.005% chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.02% EDTA) and a conditioning solution (0.006% chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.05% EDTA). The formulations were individually inoculated with approximately 10(6) CFU/mL of a pathogenic organism. Both the one-step wetting and soaking system and the conditioning solution demonstrated good antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, and Aspergillus fumigatus. However, the one-step wetting and soaking system provides better disinfection against Candida albicans (1.2 log reduction in 4 hours) than the conditioning solution (0.39 log reduction in 4 hours). The one-step system also reduced S. marcescens by 5 logs in 1 hour, whereas the conditioning solution reduced S. marcescens by about 2 logs only in the same time interval. Although both RGP lens care systems use the same active preservative (chlorhexidine digluconate), the variation in disinfecting activities may be attributed to differences in formulation and buffer systems.     

Thermodynamic limitations on the resolution obtainable with metal replicas

The major factor limiting resolution of metal-shadowed surfaces for electron and scanning tunnelling microscopy is the granularity of the metal film. This granularity had been believed to result from a recrystallization of the evaporated film, and hence could be limited by use of higher melting point materials for replication, or inhibited by adding carbon or other impurities to the film. However, evaporated and sputtered films of amorphous metal alloys that do not crystallize also show a granularity that decreases with increasing alloy melting point. A simple thermodynamic analysis shows that the granularity results from a dewetting of the typically low surface energy sample by the high surface energy metal film, similar to the beading up of drops of spilled mercury. The metal granularity and the resulting resolution of the metal-coated surface is proportional to the mobility of the metal on the surface after evaporation, which is related to the difference in temperature between the melting point of the metal and the sample surface temperature.     

A comparative study of the interaction of phosphoric acid dichlorovinyl esters with a neurotoxic esterase from the brain of hens and rats

In order to validate a rodent biochemical model of delayed neurotoxicity of organophosphates (OP) inhibition of rat and hen brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE) by some dichlorovinyl phosphates and phosphonates was studied in vitro and in vivo. It was shown that compounds investigated exhibited the similar inhibitory potency to NTE from both species in vitro, in addition rat and hen NTE showed the same sensitivity to variation of the structure of OP inhibitors. A good correlation was found between pI50 estimated with enzymes from rat and hen trains: r2 = 0.951, n = 18, p < or = 0.05. NTE activities were also measured in rat and hen brains after acute administration of various dosages of potent axonopathic compound dipropyldichlorovinyl phosphate. The results obtained indicate that difference in species susceptibility to neurotoxic action of OP, in particular the absence of ataxia in rats, is not caused by difference in target enzyme sensitivity to axonopathic organophosphates.     

Chromosome variation and anomalous karyotypes in the red-backed mouse Clethrionomys rufocanus (Rodentia, Microtinae)

G-banding and C-banding of chromosomes were studied in populations of the red-backed mouse Clethrionomys rufocanus from 11 localities of eastern Russia. Intrapopulation polymorphism of autosome 3 caused by the deletion-duplication of the short-arm heterochromatin (2n = 56; NFa = 56-58) was demonstrated. The karyotype of Cl. rufocanus from continental populations and Sakhalin Island was shown to have a large subtelocentric chromosome of pair 3 (NFa = 58), whereas in the population from Kunashir Island, chromosomes of this pair were acrocentric (NFa = 56). One animal from the population of the Kedrovaya Pad' Reserve (Primorsk krai) had a pericentric inversion (acrocentric morphology) of the Y chromosome. In two animals, a female from the Ussuriiskii Reserve (Primorsk krai) and a male captured near the Tomari Settlement (Sakhalin Island), a pericentric inversion of one chromosome of pair 6 was found (NFa = 59). The inversion detected in the animal from the Sakhalin population was accompanied by the loss of the centromeric heterochromatin. In contrast, the inversion of the chromosome pair 6, which was found in the mouse from the Primorsk krai population, did not involve the loss of centromeric heterochromatin. Analysis of our results and data from the literature showed that the karyotype of Cl. rufocanus is not constant, as was thought earlier. The percentage of animals with abnormal karyotype (1.6%) was higher than in other groups of red-backed mice studied (0.12-0.7%).     

Low-flow membrane oxygenation of blood in patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis

Small-flow membranous oxygenation of the blood was used in 45 patients with peritonitis in the multiple organ failure phase. In ten cases blood oxygenation was combined with hemofiltration. MOCT 19-03 (Kvant Research and Production Unit) and Gambro FH hemofilters (Sweden) were employed. Combination of small-flow membranous oxygenation of the blood combined with hemofiltration appreciably improved the oxygen-transporting function of the blood in adult patients with the respiratory distress syndrome, which was due to mutual potentiation of the two methods' effects. Small-flow membraneous oxygenation alone improved cellular immunity and decreased the laboratory manifestations of endogenous intoxication due to biotransformation of toxic products.