Successful management of severe hyponatremia in CKD‐VD: In a cost limited setting

Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and severe hyponatremia always pose a challenge to manage. It is necessary to correct biochemical parameters, advanced azotemia, and fluid overload with conventional haemodialysis (HD) but it may correct serum sodium (Na) rapidly resulting in neurological complications like seizures and osmotic demyelination syndrome. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an ideal modality to manage such patients. However, most of the centers in the developing or underdeveloped nations do not have CRRT facility. We present two cases of ESRD, who had advanced azotemia requiring dialysis, also had persistent vomiting and severe hyponatremia (one with Na 107, another with Na 109 mEq/L), both cases were managed with conventional HD using dialysate Na concentration of 128 mEq/L (lowest permissible level of Na in a traditional HD machine) and keeping the blood flow of 50 mL/min. The serum Na increased by 1 mEq/L/h during first HD session, during the next session blood flow increased to 100 mL/min, and serum Na increased by two mEq/L/h. At the end of 48 hours, we were able to successfully correct serum Na by 18 mEq/L, with complete resolution of uremic manifestations and no neurological deficits. The current reports highlight management of hyponatremia in newly diagnosed ESRD in a cost limited setting.     

Stress analysis in new improved differential vertical comb capacitive micro accelerometer using SOI technology

Microsystem Technologies - Recently a new improved differential vertical comb type capacitive accelerometer using silicon on insulator (SOI) technology reported having better performance than...     

Channel model for simultaneous backhaul and access for mmWave 5G outdoor street canyon channel

Wireless Networks - Millimeter waves (mmWaves) with very wide frequency bands are proposed for 5G new radio to deliver higher data-speed and capacity. Transmission using mmWaves suffers significant...     

Therapeutic Targeting of the Tumour Microenvironment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Liver metastasis is the primary contributor to the death of patients with colorectal cancer. Despite the overall success of current treatments including targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy combinations in colorectal cancer patients, the prognosis of patients with liver metastasis remains poor. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the tumour microenvironment and the crosstalk within that determines the fate of circulating tumour cells in distant organs. Understanding the interactions between liver resident cells and tumour cells colonising the liver opens new therapeutic windows for the successful treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Here we discuss critical cellular interactions within the tumour microenvironment in primary tumours and in liver metastases that highlight potential therapeutic targets. We also discuss recent therapeutic advances for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.     

Design and Analysis of UWB Filter with Single Notch Band

Wireless Personal Communications - In this article, design and electrical analysis of UWB filter with a notch band is presented. Initially basic UWB filter is designed by using parallel coupled...     

An M/M/1 ∞ queueing system with feedback

For a continuous time M/M/1 queueing system with feedback, explicit probabilities of exactly i arrivals and j departures and the marginal probabilities of exactly i arrivals and j departures are obtained by solving the difference equations recursively. Particular cases of interest are obtained.     

Required grading length to eliminate the heterojunction spike in npn In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As/InP bipolar transistors

Energy-band diagrams have been studied for n-In0.52Al0.48As/p-In0.53Ga0.47As heterojunctions employing different compositional gradings for heterojunction bipolar transistor applications, and the minimum grading widths were calculated for eliminating the conduction-band spike barrier.     

Role of polymeric matrices in improving wear resistance of irradiated FRP composites

The present paper reports the effect of different resin matrices on the abrasive wear behaviour of woven fabric composites based on them. Three different resin systems and a common glass fibre reinforcement were used in the present study. It was found that polymer composites based on the epoxy resin system show maximum wear resistance. This has been attributed to the fact that fibre-matrix interfacial bonding is very strong between the glass fibres and epoxide resin. The bonding resists composite failure and improves on irradiation.     

Reduced light sensitivity and persistent photoconductivity in novel modulation doped heterostructures incorporating an n·GaAs/AlGaAs superlatt1ce as the high bandgap material

A short period 15 Å/15 Å GaAs/Al_xGa_1?xAs superlattice where only the GaAs layers are doped with Si donors has been incorporated in a GaAs/Al_xGa_1?xAs molecular beam epitaxial modulation doped heterostructure in place of the doped high bandgap ternary alloy. The removal of the donors from the Al_xGa_1?xAs eliminates the component of light sensitivity resulting from the deep persistent photoconductivity (PPC) traps present in this material. This results in a reduction in overall light sensitivity and an elimination of the PPC effect at 77K.     

Expression of deletion constructs of bovine {beta}-1, 4-galactosyltransferase in Escherichia coli: importance of Cysl34 for its activity

Bovine ß-1, 4-galactosyltransferase (ß-1,4-GT; EC 2.4.1.90 [EC] ) belongs to the glycosyltransferase familyand as such shares a general topology: an N-terminal cytoplasmictail, a signal anchor followed by a stem region and a catalyticdomain at the C-tenninal end of the protein. cDNA constructsof the N-terminal deleted forms of ß-1, 4-GT wereprepared in pGEX-2T vector and expressed in E.coli as glutathione-S-transferase(GST) fusion proteins. Recombinant proteins accumulated withininclusion bodies as insoluble aggregates that were solubilizedin 5 M guanidine HCl and required an ‘oxido-shuffling’reagent for regeneration of the enzyme activity. The recombinant(ß-1, 4-GT, devoid of the GST domain, has 30–85%of the sp. act. of bovine milk ß-1, 4-GT with apparentK_ms for N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-galactose similar to thoseof milk enzyme. Deletion analysesshow that both (ß-1,4-GT and lactose synthetase activities remain intact even inthe absence of the first 129 residues (pGT-dl29). The activitiesare lost when either deletions extend up to residue 142 (pGT-dl42)or Cysl34 is mutatedto Ser (pGT-dl29C134S). These results suggestthat the formation of a disulfide bond involving Cysl34 holdsthe protein in a conformation that is required for enzymaticactivity.