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61.
Ready-to-drinks (RTDs) are composed of an alcoholic component and a soft-drink base and are primarily consumed by a youth market. The authors explored whether liking and experience with an RTD soft-drink base predicts liking for the RTD. Participants (N=350) from ages 12 to 30 years sampled 3 RTDs and their respective soft-drink and alcoholic components. For milk- and fruit-based RTDs, liking for and familiarity with their soft-drink base was the best predictor of liking for and familiarity with the RTD itself. For the Coke-based RTD, familiarity with and liking for bourbon best predicted familiarity with and liking for the RTD. All of these effects were consistent across blind and nonblind testing. The authors' results suggest that where there is perceptual similarity between the RTD and its soft-drink base, these beverages may provide an easy transition into alcohol consumption for novice drinkers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
62.
Peter Bro Miltersen 《Theory of Computing Systems》2007,41(1):119-125
We prove that the one-dimensional sandpile prediction problem is in LOGDCFL, a subset of AC1. The previously best known upper bound on the ACi-scale was AC2. Furthermore, we prove that the one-dimensional sandpile prediction problem is hard for TC0 and thus not in AC1-ε for any constant ε > 0. 相似文献
63.
Compared to other fields of engineering, in mechanical engineering, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is not yet a well known
method. Nevertheless, there is a variety of simulation problems where the method has obvious advantages due to its meshless
nature. For problems where several free bodies can collide and break after having been largely deformed, the DEM is the method
of choice. Neighborhood search and collision detection between bodies as well as the separation of large solids into smaller
particles are naturally incorporated in the method. The main DEM algorithm consists of a relatively simple loop that basically
contains the three substeps contact detection, force computation and integration. However, there exists a large variety of
different algorithms to choose the substeps to compose the optimal method for a given problem. In this contribution, we describe
the dynamics of particle systems together with appropriate numerical integration schemes and give an overview over different
types of particle interactions that can be composed to adapt the method to fit to a given simulation problem. Surface triangulations
are used to model complicated, non-convex bodies in contact with particle systems. The capabilities of the method are finally
demonstrated by means of application examples.
Commemorative Contribution. 相似文献
64.
Drew Michael R.; Yang Cynthia; Ohyama Tatsuya; Balsam Peter D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,30(3):163
Three experiments investigated the effects of varying the conditioned stimulus (CS) duration between training and extinction. Ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) were autoshaped on a fixed CS-unconditioned stimulus (US) interval and extinguished with CS presentations that were longer, shorter, or the same as the training duration. During a subsequent test session, the training CS duration was reintroduced. Results suggest that the cessation of responding during an extinction session is controlled by generalization of excitation between the training and extinction CSs and by the number of nonreinforced CS presentations. Transfer of extinction to the training CS is controlled by the similarity between the extinction and training CSs. Extinction learning is temporally specific. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
65.
Chadwin D. Young Gennadi Bersuker Yuegang Zhao Jeff J. Peterson Joel Barnett George A. Brown Jang H. Sim Rino Choi Byoung Hun Lee Peter Zeitzoff 《Microelectronics Reliability》2005,45(5-6):806
Effects of constant voltage stress (CVS) on gate stacks consisting of an ALD HfO2 dielectric with various interfacial layers were studied with time dependent sensing measurements: DC I–V, pulse I–V, and charge pumping (CP) at different frequencies. The process of injected electron trapping/de-trapping on pre-existing defects in the bulk of the high-κ film was found to constitute the major contribution to the time dependence of the threshold voltage (Vt) shift during stress. The trap generation observed with the low frequency CP measurements is suggested to occur within the interfacial oxide layer or the interfacial layer/high-κ interface, with only a minor effect on Vt. 相似文献
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Peter Horn Peter Schaaf Brigitte Holbach Stefan Hölzl Heinz Eschnauer 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1993,196(5):407-409
For provenance assignments of wines strontium isotope ratios can be used because soils from different wine-growing regions, and hence the wines grown there, each show specific ratios. Some successful applications are demonstrated.
87Sr/86Sr aus Gestein und Boden in Rebe und Wein
Zusammenfassung Zur Herkunftsbestimmung von Weinen können Strontium-Isotopenverhältnisse herangezogen werden, da die Böden verschiedener Weinbaugebiete, und damit die dort gezogenen Weine, jeweils spezifische Verhältnisse aufweisen. Einige erfolgreiche Anwendungen werden demonstriert.相似文献