催化精馏合成N-异丙基苯胺

在Joback基团贡献法估算反应的G ibbs函数的基础上,得到了异丙醇与苯胺合成N-异丙基苯胺的平衡常数与反应温度的关系式。研究了回流比、异丙醇与苯胺的摩尔比、塔釜操作温度、苯胺进料口位置距塔顶的距离对异丙醇与苯胺催化精馏合成N-异丙基苯胺的影响,确定了适宜的工艺条件:回流比2.5~3.5、异丙醇与苯胺的摩尔比1.5、塔釜操作温度223℃、苯胺进料口位置距塔顶300~400mm。在优化条件下,苯胺的转化率可达到99%,N-异丙基苯胺的选择性可达到99.5%,N-异丙基苯胺的质量分数可稳定在98.8%以上。     

H型丝光沸石催化剂催化甲苯与叔丁醇的烷基化反应

针对合成对叔丁基甲苯传统工艺中存在的缺点,采用环境友好、可重复利用的H型丝光沸石催化剂(以下简称催化剂)进行了甲苯与叔丁醇的烷基化反应,并用X射线衍射和氨程序升温脱附等方法对不同焙烧温度下得到的催化剂的物相结构和酸性质进行了表征,研究了各种反应条件对催化剂的催化性能的影响。实验结果发现,在适宜的操作条件下,即催化剂的焙烧温度823K、反应温度180℃、反应时间3h、初始压力1.0MPa、原料与催化剂的质量比为8、叔丁醇与甲苯的摩尔比为4、溶剂环己烷与甲苯的摩尔比为5时,甲苯转化率达42.73%,叔丁基甲苯的选择性为96.30%,对叔丁基甲苯的选择性为80.37%。     

预应力多跨混凝土连续板桥在老龙口水利枢纽中的应用评价

文章就预应力多跨混凝土连续板桥在老龙口水利枢纽中的实际应用,通过对河道平槽流量的推求和建桥后桥址处河道过流能力的计算分析,确认该结构形式对河道过平槽流量无大影响。     

Automatic image hanging protocol for chest radiographs in PACS.

Chest radiography is one of the most widely used techniques in diagnostic imaging. It comprises at least one-third of all diagnostic radiographic procedures in hospitals. However, in the picture archive and communication system, images are often stored with the projection and orientation unknown or mislabeled, which causes inefficiency for radiologists' interpretation. To address this problem, an automatic hanging protocol for chest radiographs is presented. The method targets the most effective region in a chest radiograph, and extracts a set of size-, rotation-, and translation-invariant features from it. Then, a well-trained classifier is used to recognize the projection. The orientation of the radiograph is later identified by locating the neck, heart, and abdomen positions in the radiographs. Initial experiments are performed on the radiographs collected from daily routine chest exams in hospitals and show promising results. Using the presented protocol, 98.2% of all cases could be hung correctly on projection view (without protocol, 62%), and 96.1% had correct orientation (without protocol, 75%). A workflow study on the protocol also demonstrates a significant improvement in efficiency for image display.     

On the Feasibility of Growing Pb[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.91Ti0.09]O3 Single Crystals

Pb[(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.91Ti_0.09]O₃ (PZNT91/9) single crystals were grown by two methods: from solution using PbO as a self‐fluxing agent (SC method) and directly from the melt without fluxing (MC method). In both growth methods, an allomeric Pb[(Mg_1/3‐Nb_2/3)_0.69Ti_0.31]O₃ (PMNT69/31) single crystal was used as a seed. X‐ray diffraction patterns of ground crystals showed that phase‐pure perovskite PZNT91/9 single crystals were successfully fabricated by the above two methods. The composition of the crystals obtained by both the SC and MC methods was analyzed using X‐ray fluorescence, which confirmed that the crystal composition is close to the nominal value, although volatilization of PbO and segregation during crystal growth are inevitable. The MC PZNT91/9 crystals exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties, with the piezoelectric constant, d₃₃, in the range of 1800–2200 pC N^–1. This value is comparable to that of the SC crystals. However, the MC crystals show an abnormal dielectric behavior. In contrast with the SC crystals, in the MC crystals a much broader dielectric peak appears in the dielectric response curves, accompanied by a much lower peak temperature of around 105 °C. Furthermore, frequency dispersion is apparent over a much wider temperature range (even more apparent than in pure relaxors), where a large, i.e., about 70 °C, full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the dielectric peaks is observed in the dielectric response. It is speculated that such an unusual phenomenon correlates with defects, microinhomogeneities, and polar regions in the as‐grown MC crystals. The origins of this abnormality have not been interpreted in detail until now. However, optical observation of the domain structure confirms that both the SC and MC crystals possess complex structural states.     

Routing Correlated Data with Fusion Cost in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose a routing algorithm called minimum fusion Steiner tree (MFST) for energy efficient data gathering with aggregation (fusion) in wireless sensor networks. Different from existing schemes, MFST not only optimizes over the data transmission cost, but also incorporates the cost for data fusion, which can be significant for emerging sensor networks with vectorial data and/or security requirements. By employing a randomized algorithm that allows fusion points to be chosen according to the nodes' data amounts, MFST achieves an approximation ratio of 5/4log(k + 1), where k denotes the number of source nodes, to the optimal solution for extremely general system setups, provided that fusion cost and data aggregation are nondecreasing against the total input data. Consequently, in contrast to algorithms that only excel in full or nonaggregation scenarios without considering fusion cost, MFST can thrive in a wide range of applications     

面向对象的桌面应用框架层次模型

当前有一类加入了互联网络特色的桌面应用，如即时通和游戏等，正不断取得市场上的成功。针对这种桌面应用，从高层视角给出了一种面向对象的应用框架层次模型，以帮助这类应用的快速开发．模型分三层：管理层、主框层、大粒度GUI构件层。描述了各层的主要成分和责任，以及各层之间的关系，并在最后给出了一个实例。     

基于C6711处理器cdma2000 1X系统前向信道信号的处理

在cdma20001x前向信道中,要对一段信号进行传送,一般选用QPSK调制,因为QPSK调制比QAM更适合噪音环境。采用TI6000系列的TMS320C6711芯片处理前向信道信号,可以对复杂性和实时性较高的信号做采集、量化、编码、调制等实时处理,主要功能通过软件编程实现,从而使系统具有结构灵活、可靠性高、可扩展等优点。     

地震数据采集系统延迟时间研究与分析

文章分析了影响地震采集系统延迟时间的因素,并根据系统延迟的理论对产生的原因进行了论证.同时对实际生产中的测试方法进行了阐述研究和分析,提出了新的测试方法,并结合实际生产提出了合理性建议.     

Preparation, patterning and luminescent properties of nanocrystalline Gd2O3:A (A=Eu, Dy, Sm, Er) phosphor films via Pechini sol–gel soft lithography

Nanocrystalline Gd₂O₃:A (A=Eu³⁺, Dy³⁺, Sm³⁺, Er³⁺) phosphor films and their patterning were fabricated by a Pechini sol–gel process combined with a soft lithography. X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, UV/vis transmission and photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as lifetimes were used to characterize the resulting films. The results of XRD indicated that the films began to crystallize at 500 °C and that the crystallinity increased with the elevation of annealing temperatures. Uniform and crack free non-patterned phosphor films were obtained by optimizing the composition of the coating sol, which mainly consisted of grains with an average size of 70 nm and a thickness of 550 nm. Using micro-molding in capillaries technique, we obtained homogeneous and defects-free patterned gel and crystalline phosphor films with different stripe widths (5, 10, 20 and 50 μm). Significant shrinkage (50%) was observed in the patterned films during the heat treatment process. The doped rare earth ions (A) showed their characteristic emission in crystalline Gd₂O₃ phosphor films due to an efficient energy transfer from Gd₂O₃ host to them. Both the lifetimes and PL intensity of the rare earth ions increased with increasing the annealing temperature from 500 to 900 °C, and the optimum concentrations for Eu³⁺, Dy³⁺, Sm³⁺, Er³⁺ were determined to be 5, 0.25, 1 and 1.5 mol% of Gd³⁺ in Gd₂O₃ films, respectively.