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71.
The astringency of wines enriched with commercial tannins (CTs) was evaluated by a method based on the SDS–PAGE electrophoresis of salivary proteins after the reaction of saliva with wine. Nineteen CTs tested in synthetic wine at the same pH (3.6) and concentration (1 g/l) gave different values of saliva precipitation index (SPI). The effect of CTs addition was investigated in four wines. Results showed that the wine matrix influenced the astringent capacity of CTs and that became less pronounced as wine polyphenolic complexity increased. For some types of wine, astringency was not affected, indicating that the effect of CTs utilisation is not easily predictable by classical methods. The ability to objectively evaluate the astringency provided by CTs with the SDS–PAGE-based method would supply producers and winemakers with a useful tool to manage the processing conditions and thus to improve the quality of wine. 相似文献
72.
Djamila Achouri Virginie Hornebecq Philippe Piccerelle Michelle Sergent 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2015,41(1):109-115
To develop self-assembled liquid crystalline nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for keratoconus treatment, a formulation containing riboflavin a water-soluble drug, two surfactants (poloxamer 407 and mono acyl glycerol – monoolein-) and water was optimized and prepared by emulsification and a homogenization process. A fractional factorial design was applied to estimate the main effects and interaction effects of five parameters on two responses, namely particle size and encapsulation efficiency. The five parameters are the temperature of the two phases, the duration of emulsification, the presence of heating during homogenization, the number of passes and pressure. The most influent parameters are the presence of heating during the homogenization and the pressure that led to the production of nanoparticles with an average size of 145?nm and an average encapsulation efficiency of 46%. 相似文献
73.
Virginie Tihay Albert Simeoni Paul-Antoine Santoni Lucile Rossi Jean-Pierre Garo Jean-Pierre Vantelon 《International Journal of Thermal Sciences》2009,48(3):488-501
This work aims to improve the understanding of the parameters involved in the burning of vegetative fuels. As the role of the surface-to-volume ratio is already known, we focused on the influence of other parameters. Three Mediterranean species (Pinus pinaster, Erica arborea and Cistus monspeliensis) were crushed in order to decrease the surface-to-volume ratio effects. The burning of these fuel samples produces unsteady, axisymmetric, non-premixed, laminar flames. The thermal properties and the mass loss of the crushed fuels, the distribution of temperature inside the sample and in the flame, the gases released by the fuels and the flame geometry were investigated. Thanks to these experimental data, the influence of the different fuel properties was underlined. We observed that the mass burning rate of the samples mainly controls the flame dynamics. However, the combustion kinetics in the flame depends on the degradation gases released by the fuels: the reaction zone is shifted and the flame height is changed. It appears that the composition of the degradation gases has to be taken into account to improve forest fire modeling. 相似文献
74.
Claire Monge Naresh Saha Thomas Boudou Cuauhtemoc Pózos‐Vásquez Virginie Dulong Karine Glinel Catherine Picart 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(27):3432-3442
In vivo, cells are sensitive to the stiffness of their microenvironment and to the spatial organization of the stiffness. In vitro studies of this phenomenon can help to better understand the mechanisms of the cell response to spatial variations of the matrix stiffness. Here, polelyelectrolyte multilayer films made of poly(L ‐lysine) and a photoreactive hyaluronan derivative are designed. These films can be photo‐crosslinked through a photomask to create spatial patterns of rigidity. Quartz substrates incorporating a chromium mask are prepared to expose selectively the film to UV light (in a physiological buffer), without any direct contact between the photomask and the soft film. It is shown that these micropatterns are chemically homogeneous and flat, without any preferential adsorption of adhesive proteins. Three groups of pattern geometries differing by their shape (circles or lines), size (from 2 to 100 μm), or interspacing distance between the motifs are used to study the adhesion and spatial organization of myoblast cells. The results pave the way for the study of the different steps of myoblast fusion in response to matrix rigidity in well‐defined geometrical conditions. 相似文献
75.
Samir Benykhlef Virginie Dulong Zohra Bengharez Luc Picton Kaddour Guemra Didier Le Cerf 《Polymer International》2012,61(9):1456-1461
The paper discusses the enzymatic behaviour of a series of copolymers composed of alginate grafted with poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) of various lengths and degrees of substitution. The study is focused on viscosity measurements and pyrene probe fluorescence with or without two enzymes: alginate lyase, which breaks the alginate backbone; and esterase, which breaks PCL pendent groups. Alginate lyase is inactive at pH = 3.8 and degrades quickly all copolymers at pH = 6.3. The degradation is not complete and is slowed down by the presence of PCL. Esterase degrades only copolymers with long pendent PCL groups. It has no effect on copolymers when PCL has a length of 530 g mol?1. These systems are good candidates for controlled release of drugs using an enzymatic method. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
76.
Previous research had demonstrated that powdered activated carbon (PAC), when applied at very low dosages and long SRTs, reduces membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBRs). In this contribution several mechanisms to explain this beneficial effect of PAC were investigated, including enhanced scouring of the membrane surface by PAC particles, adsorption of membrane foulants by PAC and subsequent biodegradation and a positive effect of PAC on the strength of the sludge flocs. It was concluded that the latter mechanism best explains why low dosages of PAC significantly reduce membrane fouling. Cheaper alternatives for PAC may have a similar effect. 相似文献
77.
Hamza Hajjaji Sergey Alekseev Gérard Guillot Nicholas P Blanchard Virginie Monnier Yann Chevolot Georges Brémond Michel Querry David Philippon Philippe Vergne Jean Marie Bluet 《Nanoscale research letters》2014,9(1):94
Silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) with a diameter size ranging from 4 to 8 nm were successfully fabricated. They exhibit a visible photoluminescence (PL) due to the quantum confinement effect. Chemical functionalization of these Si NPs with alkyl groups allowed to homogeneously disperse them in nonpolar liquids (NPLs). In comparison to most of literature results for Si NPs, an important PL peak position variation with temperature (almost 1 meV/K) was obtained from 303 to 390 K. The influence of the liquid viscosity on the peak positions is also presented. These variations are discussed considering energy transfer between nanoparticles. The high PL thermal sensitivity of the alkyl-capped Si NPs paves the way for their future application as nanothermometers. 相似文献
78.
Jeremy Jacquet Anne‐Laure Auvinet Anil Kumar Mandadapu Mansour Haddad Virginie Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Vronique Michelet 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2015,357(7):1387-1392
The solvent‐ and ligand‐free [2+2+2] ruthenium‐promoted cycloaddition of α,ω‐diynes and alkynes provides a facile and efficient strategy for the synthesis of substituted benzene‐derived systems. The search for the optimal reaction conditions revealed the unprecedented catalytic activity of ruthenium trichloride for benzannulation reactions and this atom‐economical process allowed the synthesis of fused arenes including dihydrobenzofurans, isoindolines, indanes in good to high yields. This practical protocol also gave rise to the preparation of pentasubstituted aromatic derivatives and was applied to the one‐gram scale synthesis of a functionalized heterocycle.
79.
Pál Jóvári Shuo Cui Virginie Nazabal Ivan Kaban Brigitte Beuneu Marc Dussauze Catherine Boussard‐Plédel Bruno Bureau 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2015,98(3):1034-1039
The structure of (GeTe4)1?x(AgI)x (x = 0.15 and 0.25) glasses has been investigated by X‐ray and neutron diffraction as well as extended X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) and Raman spectroscopy. Large‐scale structural models have been obtained by fitting simultaneously the experimental datasets in the framework of the reverse Monte Carlo simulation technique (RMC). Short‐range order parameters have been calculated and compared with that of GeTe4. Doping with AgI affects the structure of the host GeTe4 matrix in two ways. First, while Te is essentially twofold coordinated in GeTe4, its coordination number is as high as ~2.9 ± 0.3 for x = 0.25. The change is mainly due to the increased fraction of Te–Te bonds. Second, Ge atoms remain fourfold coordinated but the tetrahedral symmetry is distorted due to the elongation of some Ge–Te bonds. The incorporation of AgI in the GeTe4‐based host covalent matrix and the Te coordination increase explains the enhanced thermal stability of (GeTe4)1?x(AgI)x in the supercooled liquid‐state hindering the crystallization of Te found in case of GeTe4 glass. 相似文献
80.
Cécile Santos Frédéric Rogriguez Virginie Garcia Daniela Moravčíková Dr. Dušan Berkeš Prof. Adam Daïch Prof. Thierry Levade Dr. Cécile Baudoin‐Dehoux Dr. Stéphanie Ballereau Dr. Yves Génisson 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2014,15(17):2522-2528
A highly compartmentalized enzymatic network regulates the pro‐apoptotic and proliferative effects of sphingolipids. Over‐conversion of ceramide (Cer) correlates with insensitivity to apoptosis signaling (in response to chemotherapy) and to drug resistance of cancer cells. De novo sphingomyelin biosynthesis relies on non‐vesicular ceramide trafficking by the CERT (CERamide Transfer) protein. Therefore, blocking CERT transfer, thus leading to increased intracellular ceramide availability, represents a potential anticancer strategy. Our study is based on the implementation of an in vitro binding assay, supported by in silico molecular docking. It constitutes the first attempt to explore at the molecular level for the identification of novel CERT ligands. This approach is the first step toward in silico design and optimization of CERT inhibitor candidates, potentially relevant as innovative ceramide‐transfer‐targeting therapeutic agents. 相似文献