热作模具钢热疲劳损伤因子的研究

由于Uddeholm标准图谱评定热疲劳程度尚不够完善，无法精确地评定热疲劳裂纹的级别，因此编制了一套计算机图像分析软件，对热疲劳裂纹进行定量分析，并完善了热疲劳损伤因子，用它定量地分析了进口8407和国产4C45MoSiV1热作模具钢的热疲劳性能，揭示了热模钢的热疲劳性能的变化规律，实现了热疲劳裂纹的计算机辅助评定。     

蓖麻油-马来酸酐-苯乙烯双功能润滑油添加剂的合成

传统石油基润滑油添加剂对环境的不利影响,使可生物降解的植物油基润滑油添加剂成为研究热点。以蓖麻油(CO)、马来酸酐(MAH)、苯乙烯(ST)为原料,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,合成了蓖麻油-马来酸酐-苯乙烯共聚物(PCMAS)。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)表征了蓖麻油-马来酸酐-苯乙烯共聚物的结构,采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定了聚合物的相对分子质量及其多分散性指数,采用热重分析研究了聚合物的热稳定性,并对聚合物作为润滑油降凝剂和黏度指数改进剂的性能进行了评价。结果表明：当单体质量比m(CO)∶m(MAH)∶m(ST)=1.0∶0.2∶1.2、引发剂AIBN含量占总单体的0.5%(质量分数)、反应时间4 h、反应温度90℃时,共聚物收率为68.39%,其数均相对分子质量为0.348×10⁵,多分散性指数为4.77。将蓖麻油-马来酸酐-苯乙烯共聚物添加到润滑油馏分(350～395℃)中,可降低润滑油的凝点,并提高其黏度指数。蓖麻油-马来酸酐-苯乙烯共聚物可作为一种具有降凝增黏双重功能的润滑油添加剂。     

Roles of interaction between components in CZZA/HZSM-5 catalyst for dimethyl ether synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation

The roles of interaction between two catalyst components in CuO–ZnO–ZrO₂–Al₂O₃ (CZZA)/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis via carbon dioxide hydrogenation were investigated. It was found that CZZA catalyst showed excellent stability during methanol (MeOH) synthesis for 100 h, while there was a severe loss of catalytic activity in the bifunctional catalyst for DME synthesis. Hence, the effects of different degrees of intimacy of two catalyst components were studied for DME synthesis, including mixed and separated modes. For the mixed mode, the particle size of catalysts and the amount of reaction intermediates were proven to influence the catalyst deactivation. For the separated mode, the catalysts showed rapid deactivation within a short time. Various characterizations indicated that the remarkable deactivation of separated mode was mainly caused by the decrease of copper active centers (e.g., sintering and oxidation) and blockage of acid sites via increased coke deposition on HZSM-5.     

Defect formation and its effect on the thermodynamic properties of Pu2Zr2O7 pyrochlore: a first-principles study

In the past decades, pyrochlores, such as Gd₂Zr₂O₇, have demonstrated great potential to immobilize nuclear wastes such as Pu, which results in the production of Pu₂Zr₂O₇. Due to the high radioactivity of Pu, it is difficult to investigate the radiation response behavior of Pu₂Zr₂O₇ and its physical properties of the damaged state experimentally. Consequently, few related data have been reported in the literature thus far. In this study, first-principles calculations have been carried out to investigate the defect formation and its effect on the thermodynamic properties of Pu₂Zr₂O₇. It reveals that Pu_Zr antisite and O_8a interstitial defects are very easy to form in Pu₂Zr₂O₇. In particular, the O_8a interstitial defect can be formed spontaneously, while it is mechanically unstable. When vacancy, interstitial or antisite defects are formed in Pu₂Zr₂O₇, and the elastic moduli and Debye temperature are decreased. Besides, better ductility is resulted. As compared with other zirconate pyrochlores, such as Gd₂Zr₂O₇, the Pu₂Zr₂O₇ is suggested to be less resistant to radiation-induced amorphization. This study demonstrates that the created defects due to self-radiation from actinide decay have remarkable influences on the thermophysical properties of Pu₂Zr₂O₇.     

High extinction-ratio microstructure fiber based on chalcogenide glasses

Extinction ratio (ER) is one of the important parameters to characterize the polarization-maintaining (PM) performance of the fiber. In this paper, we report the preparation and properties of a novel chalcogenide microstructure fiber with a high ER. We fabricate a preform using a peeled-off extrusion method. The core and cladding material of the fiber are Ge₉As₂₃Se₆₈ and Ge₁₀As₂₂Se₆₈. The preform was drawn into a fiber with an average ER of −17.08 dB. The loss of the fiber is less than 2 dB over 5.20–8.55 μm, and the minimum loss of the fiber is 0.57 dB/m at 6.2 μm. Moreover, a flat mid-infrared supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.53 to 12.50 μm is generated by pumping an 18-cm-long PM fiber for the first time.     

Study on performance characteristics of fused deposition modeling 3D-printed composites by blending and lamination

Component contacting degree in a composite material is an important reference for evaluation the performance characteristics. In this article, two composite material systems involving polylactic acid (PLA) with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and PLA with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared by blending and laminating through fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology. The mechanical and thermal properties of the as-prepared composite materials were examined. The results indicated that PLA and TPU played a dominant role in tensile strength and breaking elongation, respectively, in individual composite material. ABS and TPU changed the glass transition peek, crystallinity, and modulus of PLA. The results also suggested that although the processing design of the blending method was more suitable for the contact between two components, but the mechanical properties of laminated composites were closer to theoretical predictions. The structural design and processing technology provide a comparative method and reference basis for studying the performance characteristics of composite materials.     

Polyethylene glycol modified epoxy acrylate UV curable 3D printing materials

The purpose of this paper is to research improvement in the flexibility of epoxy acrylate 3D printing materials so as to satisfy the requirements of clothing attachments or accessories. Tensile tests, differential scanning calorimeter, XRD, rheological and Fourier transform infrared analysis were used to measure and compare the performance and characteristics of polyethylene glycol modified bisphenol-A epoxy acrylate 3D printed samples with different molecular weights and contents. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the experimental results, the E/PEG₁₀₀₀(1/0.2)-AA sample was revealed to have an optimal composition ratio. After secondary curing, the tensile strength of the sample rose to 8 MPa, with the elongation being converged to 30%. This paper provides a reference for the modification and improvement of flexible UV-cured 3D printed products.     

Preparation and study of stable fluorine-free superhydrophobicity of cotton fibers

This paper proposes a method of directly modifying the surface of cotton fiber to achieve super-hydrophobic properties. The process was directly utilized the long-chain alkyl siloxane and the nano-SiO₂ modified cotton cloth, which was simple to operate, low in cost and environmentally friendly. This study discussed the influence of solvent ratio, reactant content and ammonia content on hydrophobicity. The solvent ratio had the greatest influence, and the maximum water contact angle (CA) changes were70° ± 1°. The maximum water CA of the superhydrophobic cotton fabric prepared after process selection was 162 ± 1.5°; it had good acid, alkali and salt resistance. After 24 h in a solution with a pH of 1–14, CA remained almost unchanged; After 144 h in a 3.5% salt solution, CA stabilized above 132°; it had self-cleaning properties; it had good selective adsorption performance, which can quickly separate oil and water; it had good mechanical stability. After 300 times abrasion of sandpaper, which still shows hydrophobic properties.     

Effect of nano fillers on the properties of polytetrafluoroethylene composites: Experimental and theoretical simulations

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has excellent corrosion resistance and a low coefficient of friction; however, its high wear rate and low hardness severely limit its use. In the work, nano particles were used as fillers for PTFE. The composites were prepared by the homogeneous mixing of PTFE and other fillers and sintered at high temperatures. The work aimed to investigate the effect of various nano fillers (nanocarbon powders, graphene, fullerene, nano graphite powders, and nano copper powders) on the mechanical, thermal, and frictional properties of composites. The results of the experiments showed that the addition of graphene could improve the stress and strain values of the composites, and all the nano fillers could improve the thermal conductivity of the PTFE composites. The friction experiments showed that fullerenes could significantly improve the wear resistance of PTFE composites. In the theoretical simulation, the thermal conductivity of PTFE composites was predicted using ANSYS software, with the changes in the temperature and friction force in the friction process. The theoretical simulation results matched with the experimental values, which proved the accuracy of the theoretical simulations.     

高性能特种弹性体的拓展（一） ——三元乙丙橡胶、丙烯基弹性体和乙丁橡胶

综述近年来在非轮胎橡胶制品领域拓展应用的一些具有特殊性能和特种用途、能在苛刻条件下使用的高性能特种弹性体。本综述第1部分包含新型三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)——5-乙烯基-2-降冰片烯型EPDM、超高相对分子质量EPDM、超低门尼粘度EPDM、生物基EPDM和EPDM合金以及丙烯基弹性体和乙丁橡胶,介绍这些弹性体的品种、牌号和特性,列举其在汽车部件、胶管、胶带和密封件等橡胶制品中应用的胶料配方以及分析其胶料性能。