铝电解惰性阳极用Ni-Zn铁氧体的固态合成

采用固态合成法分别在惰性气氛和空气下，制备不同成分的Ni(l-x)ZnxFe2O4铁氧体尖晶石。对反应产物的物相、粒度和形貌的检测表明：在Ar气保护下煅烧主要发生氧化物的离解反应，反应物无法得到目标物相；采用反应烧结法制备铝电解金属陶瓷惰性阳极时，须保持一定的氧分压，以避免金属氧化物的离解和金属相的氧化；在空气中，通过固态反应可制备出理想的铝电解惰性阳极用Ni(l-x)ZnxFe2O4尖晶石，其粒度细，且符合标准正态分布，烧结温度低，在1150℃下保温6h即实现完全反应。     

基于神经网络的氢氧化铝焙烧优化控制系统

采用OPC(OLE for Process Control)技术架构了三层模式的过程优化控制系统,实现了优化控制系统与现有PLC系统的数据通讯、信息共享.优化控制系统由FLUENT仿真分析、过程智能建模、流程理论分析和优化控制四大模块组成.主要模块采用神经网络架构,实现复杂炉况的系统辩识以及工艺参数的优化计算.生产应用表明:该系统具有很好的指导性,能稳定生产、优化操作,为节能和降废的整体优化提供了新手段和途径.     

Electrolysis expansion performance of semigraphitic cathode in [K3AlF6/Na3AlF6]-AlF3-Al2O3 bath system

The electrolysis expansion of semigraphitic cathode in [K₃AlF₆/Na₃AlF₆]-AlF₃-Al₂O₃ bath system was tested by self-made modified Rapoport apparatus. A mathematical model was introduced to discuss the effects of α _CR (cryolite ratio) and β _KR (elpasolite content divided by the total amount of elpasolite and sodium cryolite) on performance of cathode electrolysis expansion. The results show that K and Na (potassium and sodium) penetrate into the cathode together and have an obvious influence on the performance of cathode electrolysis expansion. The electrolysis expansion and K/Na penetration rate increase with the increase of α _CR. When α _CR=1.9 and β _KR=0.5, the electrolysis expansion is the highest, which is 3.95%; and when α _CR=1.4 and β _KR=0.1, the electrolysis expansion is the lowest, which is 1.28%. But the effect of β _KR is correlative with α _CR. When α _CR=1.6 and 1.9, with the increase of β _KR, the electrolysis expansion and K/Na penetration rate increase. However, when α _CR=1.4, the electrolysis expansion and K/Na penetration rate firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of β _KR. Foundation item: Project (2005CB623703) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project (2008AA030502) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China     

Effects of carbon sources on electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12/C composite anode materials

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials were synthesized by two-step solid state reaction method with glucose, sucrose, and starch as carbon sources, respectively. The effects of carbon sources on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials were investigated by SEM, XRD and electrochemical tests. The results indicate that carbon sources have almost no effect on the structure of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials. The initial discharge capacities of the Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials are slightly lower than those of as-synthesized Li₄Ti₅O₁₂. However, Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials show better electrochemical rate performance than the as-synthesized Li₄Ti₅O₁₂. The capacity retention (79%) of the Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials with starch as carbon source, is higher than that of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials with glucose and sucrose as carbon source at current rate of 2.0C.     

烧结气氛对5Ni/(10Ni-NiFe_2O_4)金属陶瓷物相组成及力学性能的影响(英文)

在不同烧结气氛下采用冷压烧结法制备5Ni/(10NiO-NiFe2O4)金属陶瓷,通过XRD研究其物相组成,SEM研究其显微结构,并用三点抗弯测试和抗热震实验检测其力学性能。结果表明:在真空气氛及氧含量分别为2×10-5、2×10-4和2×10-3的气氛中均可获得Ni/(10NiO-NiFe2O4)金属陶瓷,但气氛中氧含量对物相含量影响较大。在真空气氛中NiO含量相对较高。材料中NiFe2O4和Ni的含量分别随着气氛中氧含量的上升而增加和减小;在真空烧结气氛中,可获得晶粒尺寸为3.90μm的5Ni/(10NiO-NiFe2O4)金属陶瓷,其抗弯强度可达138.59MPa,且在960°C实验条件下平均抗热震循环次数可达6.67次,具有相对较好的力学性能。     

La(Ⅲ)改性沸石脱除模拟硫酸锌溶液中氟离子的热力学和动力学（英文）

为了明确La(Ⅲ)改性沸石脱除模拟硫酸锌溶液中氟离子的机理,利用XRD、SEM和EDX对吸附剂进行表征,研究吸附剂用量和吸附时间对吸附过程的影响,采用吸附等温线与吸附动力学对吸附过程进行探究。结果表明,Langmuir吸附等温线模型更适合吸附过程;在303和313 K条件下,吸附剂的最大理论吸附容量分别为20.83和23.04 mg/g;Temkin和D-R吸附等温线模型证明氟离子脱除过程为物理吸附,且吸附过程遵从准二级动力学模型;同时,热力学计算结果(?G~Θ0 k J/mol,?H~Θ=8.28 k J/mol,?S~Θ=0.030 k J/(mol?K))说明La(Ⅲ)改性沸石脱除模拟硫酸锌溶液中氟离子是自发、吸热的物理过程;将La(Ⅲ)改性沸石应用在工业硫酸锌溶液中,用量为15 g/L时,氟离子浓度从98.05 mg/L降低至44.09 mg/L。     

光电化学冶金提取半导体元素——以碲为例

针对电化学冶金提取半导体元素存在的问题,提出采用光电化学冶金的方法来进行半导体元素的电化学沉积提取。结合半导体特性以及光电化学基本理论,阐述光电化学冶金的优势,并以碲提取为例验证光电化学冶金的优越性。结果表明:光电化学沉积过程中,半导体沉积物吸收能量大于其自身带隙宽度的光子后受激发产生光生电子-空穴对,光生电子从半导体流向电解液促进电化学还原,同时光生载流子可减小电阻率和能带弯曲,降低工作电极所分摊的电势差。与常规的电化学沉积相比,光电化学沉积可以强化电极过程、降低槽电压,以及提高沉积速率、电流效率和产能,具有良好的应用前景。最后指出光电化学冶金未来发展可能面临的问题,并对其内涵进行拓展。     

新型Bi_(2)O_(3)/ZnFe_(2)O_(4)光阳极的制备及其光电催化降解有机物性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用化学水浴法制备Bi2O3薄膜,并通过电沉积结合后退火工艺在其表面负载ZnFe2O4进行改性,通过XRD、SEM、Raman、XPS、UV-vis等对Bi2O3样品及Bi2O3/ZnFe2O4复合薄膜进行表征。以制备的薄膜作为光电极,研究其光电化学性能,并首次报道其在光电催化降解有机污染物中的应用。结果表明:ZnFe2O4的复合拓宽Bi2O3的吸光范围,提高光吸收系数,抑制光电化学反应过程中光生载流子的复合,从而使Bi2O3/ZnFe2O4复合薄膜在Na2SO4溶液中的光响应电流密度是纯相材料的4倍左右,AM1.5光照下的光电降解亚甲基蓝性能相比于Bi2O3有明显提高。     

无线城市异构网络下的多模终端发展现状及趋势

无线城市建设热潮和3G时代的到来,为多模智能终端创造了前所未有的发展前景。文章对现有移动终端市场形势和移动终端的发展状况做了详细分析和介绍,并针对3G时代移动通信用户的需求和现有终端存在的主要问题,提出了移动终端发展的变化趋势,指出在3G乃至后3G时代,异构网络融合是通信网络发展的大趋势,而多模终端正是解决异构网络通信的关键。     

Densification of Ni-NiFe204 cermets for aluminum electrolysis

The density of cermet inert anodes in aluminum electrolysis is of great importance. Ni-NiFe2O4 cermets were studied with respect to their densification affected by ball milling time, particle size of raw powders, contents of metallic phase, sintering atmosphere and temperature. The results show that, prolonging ball milling time will increase the density with the optimum value of 150 min; cermets containing 0 - 15 % Ni(mass fraction) have high relative density ranging from 94 % to 96%, but with Ni content increasing, the density slightly decreases; weak reductive atmosphere is favorable to densification; the relative density increases from 80.38% to 96.85% with the sintering temperature increasing from 1 100℃ to 1 300℃ while it decreases at 1 400℃, which may be due to crystal grain coarsening. So the sintering temperature of Ni-NiFe2O4 cerrnets in current work should be controlled at 1 300℃, where the relative density is 96.85 %.