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排序方式: 共有1960条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Silphinene Sesquiterpenes as Model Insect Antifeedants 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
González-Coloma A Valencia F Martín N Hoffmann JJ Hutter L Marco JA Reina M 《Journal of chemical ecology》2002,28(1):117-129
Silphinene sesquiterpenes are established chrysomelid antifeedants. In this work, nine silphinene analogs, 11-acetoxy-5-angeloyloxysilphinen-3-one (1), 11-acetoxy-5-tigloyloxysilphinen-3-one (2), 11-acetoxy-5-iso- butyryloxysilphinen-3-one (3), 11-hydroxy-5-angeloyloxysilphinen-3-one (4), 11,5-dihydroxysilphinen-3-one (5), 11,5-diacetoxysilphinen-3-one (6), 5,11-diisobutyryloxysilphinen-3-one (7), silphinen-3,5,11-trione (8), and O-methyl-5-epicantabrenolic acid methyl ester (10), and a presilphiperfolane sesquiterpene (9) were tested against several divergent insect species, including the lepidopteran Spodoptera littoralis, the chrysomelid Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and five aphid species, and their antifeedant effects were compared with those of picrotoxinin, a GABA-antagonist, and thymol, an allosteric modulator for insect GABA receptors. All insects tested responded to at least one silphinene analog and/or GABA antagonist. Compound 3 and thymol were effective antifeedants against all species tested except S. littoralis, with varying potencies according to their feeding ecologies. The toxicity of these compounds was species-dependent and did not correlate with their antifeedant effect. 相似文献
32.
Practical Significance,Theory and Determination of Compatibility of Dyes on Synthetic-polymer Fibres
The compatibility of dyes is particularly important in regard to the time, reproducibility and levelness of dyeing. For basic dyes on acrylic fibres and anionic dyes on nylon, a characteristic of the dye—the compatibility value K— is valuable in determining whether it can be used in the same bath as others. Dyes having the same K-value are compatible under most dyeing conditions. For disperse dyes, K-values do not exist. In selecting such dyes for use together, other properties of the dyes and the concentrations to be used in the particular combination must be considered. 相似文献
33.
In this paper the previously introduced wavefront analysis is extended to heterogeneous reaction systems, which consist of several reaction steps. It is shown how three mainly informations obtained at the wavefront, namely the damping of the wavefront, the time-gradients at the wavefront and the propagation velocity of the wavefront, can be used for kinetic investigations of a reaction step under consideration. 相似文献
34.
The Effect of processing on the content and composition of free sterols and sterol esters in soybean oil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The content and composition of free sterols and sterol esters in crude soybean oil and in oils from different stages of two
continuous refining systems were determined. The sterols were isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography and analyzed
by gas chromatography with cholesterol as an internal standard. The free sterols in one of the degummed oils amounted to 3.1
mg/g and were diminished to 1.8 mg/g oil by the De Laval Short-Mix refining process. The content of free sterols of the other
degummed oil was reduced from 3.4 to 1.6 mg/g oil by the Zenith process. The greatest reduction of sterol content was caused
by the treatment with bleaching earth. The sterol esters accounted for 0.6 mg/g of the degummed oil, and only very small changes
were observed during the processes. However, changes in the composition of fatty acids of the sterol esters were found. These
changes might indicate a selective deacylation of sterol esters or an interesterification during the refining processes. The
composition of sterols in free and esterified form were different. Campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol were obtained
in both free and esterified form, but Δ7 stigmasterol was only found in esterified form. Only small changes in the percentage
distribution of the sterols occurred during the processes.
Present adress Food Technology Division, ALFA-LAVAL,S-14700 Tumba, Sweden 相似文献
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37.
The hyperfiltration of chromic plating rinse water, which contains a special type of surfactant, was examined using different annealed CA membranes. At low concentrations the surfactant influences the volume flow more than the rejection. An effect of the electrolytes can be neglected at low concentration. Increasing surfactant concentration as well as rising electrolyte concentration cause a remarkable drop of both volume flow and electrolyte rejection. This was measured with tetraethylammonium perfluoroctanolsulfonate, a commonly used surfactant for chromic plating. 相似文献
38.
A. Irretier O. Kessler F. Hoffmann P. Mayr 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2004,13(5):530-536
When precipitation-hardenable aluminum parts are water quenched, distortion occurs due to thermal stresses. Thereby, a costly
reworking is necessary, and for this reason polymer quenchants are often used to reduce distortion, with the disadvantage
that the quenched parts have to be cleaned after quenching. In opposition to liquid quenchants, gas quenching may decrease
distortion due to the better temperature uniformity during quenching. Furthermore, cleaning of the quenched parts can be avoided
because it is a dry process. For this purpose, a heat-treating process was evaluated that included a high-pressure gasquenching
step. Gas quenching was applied to different aluminum alloys (i.e., 2024, 6013, 7075, and A357.0), and tensile tests have
been carried out to determine the mechanical properties after solution annealing, gas quenching, and aging. Besides high-pressure
gas quenching, alloy 2024 was quenched at ambient pressure in a gas nozzle field. The high velocity at the gas outlet leads
to an accelerated cooling of the aluminum alloy in this case. Aluminum castings and forgings can be classified as an interesting
field of application of these quenching methods due to their near-net shape before the heat treatment. Cost savings would
be possible due to the reduced distortion, and therefore, less reworking after the precipitation hardening. 相似文献
39.
Hollow shape component approaches, applied to shafts and similar workpieces, represent a major potential for ground-breaking innovations in lightweight engineering and safety designs. Among suitable forming technologies, spin extrusion is a pioneering and particularly flexible hollow-shaping technique. All outside form elements, straight or stepped cylinders, cones or spherical rotation elements emerge just from the kinematics of tools. The inside hollow shapes, as e.g. circular cross-sections, shaft to collar connections such as spherical triangles, polygons, splines or dovetail forms are manufactured with a shaping mandrel. Spin extrusion can be applied first and foremost at dimensions that are unattainable with other techniques. The application includes hollow shafts, thick-walled cups and semi-finished tubular products that are not to be found in off-the-shelf cross-sections. In these cases the possibility for using of massive bars is connected with very high price advantages. Furthermore material-saving machining is attracting special attention for high-grade materials.The paper characterizes substantial steps of process analysis and the appliance of a new, derived from the bound method, numerical simulation method for spin extrusion process. Holistic process analysis is the prime factor for process capability. The specific application of the developed special methods of simulation, the accumulation of process data and the integrating into the Computer numerical control of spin extrusion machine is a precondition guaranteeing high-quality assurance. 相似文献
40.
Michael Wand Alexander Berner Martin Bokeloh Philipp Jenke Arno Fleck Mark Hoffmann Benjamin Maier Dirk Staneker Andreas Schilling Hans-Peter Seidel 《Computers & Graphics》2008,32(2):204-220
This paper describes a new out-of-core multi-resolution data structure for real-time visualization, interactive editing and externally efficient processing of large point clouds. We describe an editing system that makes use of the novel data structure to provide interactive editing and preprocessing tools for large scanner data sets. Using the new data structure, we provide a complete tool chain for 3D scanner data processing, from data preprocessing and filtering to manual touch-up and real-time visualization. In particular, we describe an out-of-core outlier removal and bilateral geometry filtering algorithm, a toolset for interactive selection, painting, transformation, and filtering of huge out-of-core point-cloud data sets and a real-time rendering algorithm, which all use the same data structure as storage backend. The interactive tools work in real-time for small model modifications. For large scale editing operations, we employ a two-resolution approach where editing is planned in real-time and executed in an externally efficient offline computation afterwards. We evaluate our implementation on example data sets of sizes up to 63 GB, demonstrating that the proposed technique can be used effectively in real-world applications. 相似文献