A Review of “Wild West 2.0: How to Protect and Restore Your Online Reputation on the Untamed Social Frontier”

Abstract

THE AFRICAN AMERICAN RESOURCE GUIDE TO THE INTERNET &; ONLINE SERVICES. Battle, Stafford L. and Rey O. Harris. McGraw-Hill, 1996. 217p. ISBN: 0–07–005499–1. $19.95.

THE ABCS OF THE INTERNET. Crumlish, Christian. SYBEX, 1996. 362p. ISBN: 0–7821–1887–9. $19.99.

THE UNIX DESK REFERENCE. Dyson, Peter. SYBEX, 1996. 523p. ISBN: 0–7821–1658–2. $29.99.

THE INTERNET ROADMAP. 3rd ed. Falk, Bennett. SYBEX, 1996. 320p. ISBN: 0–7821–1890–9. $16.99.     

A Review of “The Library: An Illustrated History”

Abstract

This paper describes one library's experience of using the Internet in its delivery of service to users. It describes the scope and methods of usage of the Internet via ALISplus, the Library's universal information access workstation at California State University, Fresno. It discusses the results of user surveys which were administered during the 1992/93 and 1993/94 academic years at the Library to assess the users' general response to the newly implemented ALISplus, with a focus on the accessibility of the Internet resources. ALISplus has provided access to the Library's GEAC/ADVANCE OPAC, CD-ROM databases, as well as other resources available through the Internet since the Summer 1993. The collective efforts which went into the process of developing the University's World Wide Web home page, under the leadership of the Library, are also described.     

The Nutritional Supplement L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine Promotes Atherosclerosis

L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), a nutritional supplement, has been demonstrated to improve neurological function. However, a new study suggests that GPC supplementation increases incident stroke risk thus its potential adverse effects warrant further investigation. Here we show that GPC promotes atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic Apoe^−/− mice. GPC can be metabolized to trimethylamine N-oxide, a pro-atherogenic agent, suggesting a potential molecular mechanism underlying the observed atherosclerosis progression. GPC supplementation shifted the gut microbial community structure, characterized by increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides and decreased abundance of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These data are consistent with a reduction in fecal and cecal short chain fatty acids in GPC-fed mice. Additionally, we found that GPC supplementation led to an increased relative abundance of choline trimethylamine lyase (cutC)-encoding bacteria via qPCR. Interrogation of host inflammatory signaling showed that GPC supplementation increased expression of the proinflammatory effectors CXCL13 and TIMP-1 and activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Finally, targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis of murine plasma revealed additional metabolites associated with GPC supplementation and atherosclerosis. In summary, our results show GPC promotes atherosclerosis through multiple mechanisms and that caution should be applied when using GPC as a nutritional supplement.     

Treatment presentation and adherence of Iraq/Afghanistan era veterans in outpatient care for posttraumatic stress disorder.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 7(3) of Psychological Services (see record 2010-17074-002). The copyright for the article was listed incorrectly. This article is in the Public Domain. The online version has been corrected.] The ongoing wars in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom or OEF) and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom or OIF) make the development and application of effective postdeployment mental health treatment programs a high priority. There has been some concern that existing treatment programs for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may not fit well with OEF/OIF veterans confronted with acute mental health difficulties while reestablishing community, familial, and occupational connections after their deployment. This study utilized data gathered from a large outpatient Veterans Affairs Medical Center PTSD treatment clinic to examine differences in initial treatment presentation and treatment adherence (attendance and dropout) between a group of Vietnam era veterans (n = 54) and a group of OEF/OIF veterans (n = 106). OEF/OIF veterans reported lower levels of symptom distress on questionnaires assessing posttraumatic reexperiencing, avoidance, dissociation, and arousal symptoms but similar levels of anger and acting out behaviors and higher levels of alcohol problems. OEF/OIF veterans had significantly lower rates of session attendance and higher rates of treatment dropout than Vietnam veterans, and this difference was not accounted for by differences in treatment presentation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The burden of road trauma due to other people's drinking

The purpose of this study was to estimate the burden of road traffic injury due to alcohol consumption by someone other than the injured party. We estimated the number and proportion of these traffic deaths and non-fatal traffic injuries, and the associated social costs, for a five-year period (2003–2007) in New Zealand. We found that more than 40% of alcohol-related crash injuries in New Zealand are suffered by people who have not themselves been drinking. While the rate of road traffic injuries and the involvement of alcohol peak amongst young adults, so too does the proportion of all road traffic crash injuries that are due to other people's drinking, reaching one in five in the 15–19-year age group. Most innocent victims are car passengers, and this includes almost all children who are injured by drink driving. For a large majority of the children injured, the driver affected by alcohol is the driver of their own car. Using official cost figures, alcohol-related injuries to innocent victims cost the country more than half a billion dollars per year.     

More than a quarter century of Creativity and Innovation Management: The journal's characteristics,evolution, and a look ahead

When this journal was founded in 1992 by Tudor Rickards and Susan Moger, there was no academic outlet available that addressed issues at the intersection of creativity and innovation. From zero to 1,163 records, from the new kid on the block to one of the leading journals in creativity and innovation management has been quite a journey, and we would like to reflect on the past 28 years and the intellectual and conceptual structure of Creativity and Innovation Management (CIM). Specifically, we highlight milestones and influential articles, identify how key journal characteristics evolved, outline the (co‐)authorship structure, and finally, map the thematic landscape of CIM by means of a text‐mining analysis. This study represents the first systematic and comprehensive assessment of the journal's published body of knowledge and helps to understand the journal's influence on the creativity and innovation management community. We conclude by discussing future topics and paths of the journal as well as limitations of our approach.     

Hypertonic NaCl infusions affect milk composition in goats

The capability of goats to maintain milk production during water deprivation is remarkable and not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether intravenous infusions of hypertonic NaCl cause release of both vasopressin and oxytocin and whether the peptides, in combination with the hyperosmolality, affect milk flow and milk composition. Six Swedish domestic landrace goats in their first to third lactation were milked every 30 min during experiments. Hypertonic NaCl (HNaCl) or isotonic NaCl (IsoNaCl) were infused for 90 min. Goats were not allowed to drink during infusions. Plasma vasopressin concentration increased during HNaCl infusions, and did not change in response to IsoNaCl infusions. Plasma oxytocin concentration did not change during either infusion. Milk flow was maintained during the infusions. Milk fat concentration decreased in the three samples taken before onset of the infusions, but then increased gradually during HNaCl infusions, while it continued to fall during the IsoNaCl infusions. Milk osmolality followed the rise in plasma osmolality during the HNaCl infusions and did not change in IsoNaCl experiments. Milk lactose concentration increased throughout both series of experiments, the concentration being higher during HNaCl infusions. Milk protein concentration did not change during HNaCl infusions, but fell in the IsoNaCl experiments. It is concluded that the hyperosmolality in combination with elevated plasma vasopressin levels did not disturb the secretory activity of the mammary cells, but rather facilitated emptying of the alveolar milk. Such a mechanism may help to explain the sustained milk production in water deprived goats.     

Glycemic effect of potatoes

Potatoes are the world’s third largest food crop and the most extensively consumed root vegetable. They have high starch content and are a major source of dietary carbohydrate in human nutrition. This review article considers potatoes as a food crop, the properties of potato starch, and methods of preparing potatoes domestically for consumption, before considering the effects of potatoes on postprandial glycemia. Potatoes have been classified as a food that causes high postprandial glycemia, which over the long term may increase the risk of obesity and chronic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methods for measuring the glycemic effects of potatoes are considered. In vivo methods, such as the glycemic index are discussed and compared with in vitro tests that measure the breakdown of available carbohydrates in potatoes. The potential for developing potato varieties that have more slowly-digestible starch, and hence a lower glycemic effect, is considered.     

A Review of “Hiring,Training, and Supervising Library Shelvers”

Abstract

The emergence of the Internet has dramatically changed information access capabilities through computers. Tools and resources available on the Internet affect library services in various ways. Many health science librarians are using Internet resources to meet the information needs of health care providers and themselves. This study examines different applications of the Internet components in medical library settings with a special emphasis on reference services. It also discusses the role of the Internet in fulfilling National Network of Libraries of Medicine's (NN/LM) objectives and analyzes the merit and demerits of using the Internet as a reference tool in health sciences libraries.