全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2098篇 |
免费 | 68篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 3篇 |
化学工业 | 292篇 |
金属工艺 | 10篇 |
机械仪表 | 15篇 |
建筑科学 | 75篇 |
矿业工程 | 1篇 |
能源动力 | 19篇 |
轻工业 | 179篇 |
水利工程 | 19篇 |
石油天然气 | 3篇 |
无线电 | 89篇 |
一般工业技术 | 221篇 |
冶金工业 | 943篇 |
自动化技术 | 299篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 31篇 |
2020年 | 19篇 |
2019年 | 22篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 31篇 |
2016年 | 26篇 |
2015年 | 30篇 |
2014年 | 44篇 |
2013年 | 97篇 |
2012年 | 84篇 |
2011年 | 106篇 |
2010年 | 77篇 |
2009年 | 81篇 |
2008年 | 95篇 |
2007年 | 110篇 |
2006年 | 68篇 |
2005年 | 88篇 |
2004年 | 63篇 |
2003年 | 59篇 |
2002年 | 62篇 |
2001年 | 54篇 |
2000年 | 51篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 34篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 38篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 46篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 41篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 41篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 35篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 30篇 |
1982年 | 36篇 |
1981年 | 33篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 30篇 |
1978年 | 17篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 16篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有2168条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
This article reviews the structural characteristics of work organizations that are likely to increase collaboration problems and tests the relationships between collaboration structure and problems using data from a survey of scientists in four fields (experimental biology, mathematics, physics, and sociology). Two groups of problems are identified: problems of coordination and misunderstandings and problems of cultural differences and information security. Greater coordination problems are associated with size, distance, interdependence, and scientific competition. Problems of culture and security are associated with size, distance, scientific competition, and commercialization. Email use is associated with reporting fewer coordination problems, but not fewer problems of culture and security, while neither phone use nor face-to-face meetings significantly reduces problems. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for designers of collaboration technologies and researchers involved in scientific collaborations. 相似文献
32.
Adam Prout Joanne M. Atlee Nancy A. Day Pourya Shaker 《Software and Systems Modeling》2012,11(2):251-272
We are investigating semantically configurable model-driven engineering (MDE). The goal of this work is a modelling environment that supports flexible, configurable modelling
notations, in which specifiers can configure the semantics of notations to suit their needs and yet still have access to the
types of analysis tools and code generators normally associated with MDE. In this paper, we describe semantically configurable code generation for a family of behavioural modelling notations. The family includes variants of statecharts, process algebras, Petri Nets,
and SDL88. The semantics of this family is defined using template semantics, which is a parameterized structured operational semantics in which parameters represent semantic variation points. A specific notation is derived
by instantiating the family’s template semantics with parameter values that specify semantic choices. We have developed a
code-generator generator (CGG) that creates a suitable Java code generator for a subset of derivable modelling notations.
Our prototype CGG supports 26 semantics parameters, 89 parameter values, and 7 composition operators. As a result, we are
able to produce code generators for a sizable family of modelling notations, though at present the performance of our generated
code is about an order of magnitude slower than that produced by commercial-grade generators. 相似文献
33.
Patricia A. Miguez Stephen A. Tuin Adam G. Robinson Joyce Belcher Prapaporn Jongwattanapisan Kimberly Perley Vinicius de Paiva Gon«alves Arash Hanifi Nancy Pleshko Elisabeth R. Barton 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
This study evaluated the direct effect of a phytochemical, hesperidin, on pre-osteoblast cell function as well as osteogenesis and collagen matrix quality, as there is little known about hesperidin’s influence in mineralized tissue formation and regeneration. Hesperidin was added to a culture of MC3T3-E1 cells at various concentrations. Cell proliferation, viability, osteogenic gene expression and deposited collagen matrix analyses were performed. Treatment with hesperidin showed significant upregulation of osteogenic markers, particularly with lower doses. Mature and compact collagen fibrils in hesperidin-treated cultures were observed by picrosirius red staining (PSR), although a thinner matrix layer was present for the higher dose of hesperidin compared to osteogenic media alone. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated a better mineral-to-matrix ratio and matrix distribution in cultures exposed to hesperidin and confirmed less collagen deposited with the 100-µM dose of hesperidin. In vivo, hesperidin combined with a suboptimal dose of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) (dose unable to promote healing of a rat mandible critical-sized bone defect) in a collagenous scaffold promoted a well-controlled (not ectopic) pattern of bone formation as compared to a large dose of BMP2 (previously defined as optimal in healing the critical-sized defect, although of ectopic nature). PSR staining of newly formed bone demonstrated that hesperidin can promote maturation of bone organic matrix. Our findings show, for the first time, that hesperidin has a modulatory role in mineralized tissue formation via not only osteoblast cell differentiation but also matrix organization and matrix-to-mineral ratio and could be a potential adjunct in regenerative bone therapies. 相似文献
34.
Sofía Valla Nourhan Hassan Daiana Lujn Vitale Daniela Madanes Fiorella Mercedes Spinelli Felipe C. O. B. Teixeira Burkhard Greve Nancy Adriana Espinoza-Snchez Carolina Cristina Laura Alaniz Martin Gtte 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(11)
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) are major components of the glycocalyx. The secreted GAG and CD44 ligand hyaluronic acid (HA), and the cell surface PG syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) modulate the expression and activity of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules, acting as critical regulators of tumor cell behavior. Here, we studied the effect of Sdc-1 siRNA depletion and HA treatment on hallmark processes of cancer in breast cancer cell lines of different levels of aggressiveness. We analyzed HA synthesis, and parameters relevant to tumor progression, including the stem cell phenotype, Wnt signaling constituents, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, and angiogenic markers in luminal MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Sdc-1 knockdown enhanced HAS-2 synthesis and HA binding in MCF-7, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Sdc-1-depleted MDA-MB-231 cells showed a reduced CD24-/CD44+ population. Furthermore, Sdc-1 depletion was associated with survival signals in both cell lines, affecting cell cycle progression and apoptosis evasion. These changes were linked to the altered expression of KLF4, MSI2, and miR-10b and differential changes in Erk, Akt, and PTEN signaling. We conclude that Sdc-1 knockdown differentially affects HA metabolism in luminal and triple-negative breast cancer model cell lines and impacts the stem phenotype, cell survival, and angiogenic factors. 相似文献
35.
Joseph C. McBride Xiaopeng Zhao Nancy B. Munro Charles D. Smith Gregory A. Jicha Lee Hively Lucas S. Broster Frederick A. Schmitt Richard J. Kryscio Yang Jiang 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2014
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) often is an early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MCI is characterized by cognitive decline departing from normal cognitive aging but that does not significantly interfere with daily activities. This study explores the potential of scalp EEG for early detection of alterations from cognitively normal status of older adults signifying MCI and AD. Resting 32-channel EEG records from 48 age-matched participants (mean age 75.7 years)—15 normal controls (NC), 16 early MCI, and 17 early stage AD—are examined. Regional spectral and complexity features are computed and used in a support vector machine model to discriminate between groups. Analyses based on three-way classifications demonstrate overall discrimination accuracies of 83.3%, 85.4%, and 79.2% for resting eyes open, counting eyes closed, and resting eyes closed protocols, respectively. These results demonstrate the great promise for scalp EEG spectral and complexity features as noninvasive biomarkers for detection of MCI and early AD. 相似文献
36.
This paper overviews the International Standards Organization–Linguistic Annotation Framework (ISO–LAF) developed in ISO TC37 SC4. We describe the XML serialization of ISO–LAF, the Graph Annotation Format (GrAF) and discuss the rationale behind the various decisions that were made in determining the standard. We describe the structure of the GrAF headers in detail and provide multiple examples of GrAF representation for text and multi-media. Finally, we discuss the next steps for standardization of interchange formats for linguistic annotations. 相似文献
37.
The dynamic swelling behavior of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) in water was followed at 37°C. The results were analyzed in terms of a simple non-Fickian transport equation, which expresses the fractional penetrant uptake as an exponential function of the diffusion time. The exponent n, which indicates Fickian or non-Fickian transport mechanism, was correlated to the content of the more hydrophilic component of the copolymer. Photomicrographs obtained with polarized light offer new information about the position and movement of the penetrant front in glassy, hydrophilic polymers. 相似文献
38.
Xiaonan Lu Joelle T. Reiser Benjamin Parruzot Lu Deng Igor M. Gussev Jörg C. Neuefeind Trent R. Graham Hongshen Liu Joseph V. Ryan Seong H. Kim Nancy Washton Maik Lang Jincheng Du John D. Vienna 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(1):183-207
High-alumina containing high-level waste (HLW) will be vitrified at the Waste Treatment Plant at the Hanford Site. The resulting glasses, high in alumina, will have distinct composition-structure-property (C-S-P) relationships compared to previously studied HLW glasses. These C-S-P relationships determine the processability and product durability of glasses and therefore must be understood. The main purpose of this study is to understand the detailed structural changes caused by Al:Si and (Al + Na):Si substitutions in a simplified nuclear waste model glass (ISG, international simple glass) by combining experimental structural characterizations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The structures of these two series of glasses were characterized by neutron total scattering and 27Al, 23Na, 29Si, and 11B solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, MD simulations were used to generate atomistic structural models of the borosilicate glasses and simulation results were validated by the experimental structural data. Short-range (eg, bond distance, coordination number, etc) and medium-range (eg, oxygen speciation, network connectivity, polyhedral linkages) structural features of the borosilicate glasses were systematically investigated as a function of the degree of substitution. The results show that bond distance and coordination number of the cation-oxygen pairs are relatively insensitive to Al:Si and (Al + Na):Si substitutions with the exception of the B-O pair. Additionally, the Al:Si substitution results in an increase in tri-bridging oxygen species, whereas (Al + Na):Si substitution creates nonbridging oxygen species. Charge compensator preferences were found for Si-[NBO] (Na+), [3]B-[NBO] (Na+), [4]B (mostly Ca2+), [4]Al (nearly equally split Na+ and Ca2+), and [6]Zr (mostly Ca2+). The network former-BO-network former linkages preferences were also tabulated; Si-O-Al and Al-O-Al were preferred at the expense of lower Si-O-[3]B and [3]B-O-[3]B linkages. These results provide insights on the structural origins of property changes such as glass-transition temperature caused by the substitutions, providing a basis for future improvements of theoretical and computer simulation models. 相似文献
39.
40.