Notes on the Production of Adherent Copper Deposits on Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Steels

The presence of a film upon iron after treatment in the Marshall smoothing solution has been demonstrated. The formation of the film after withdrawal of the specimen from the solution appears to be independent of the oxalate ion. The evidence indicates that the film consists of a very thin but tenacious and continuous layer of oxide. By reducing the film cathodically in an ammonium chloride electrolyte and observing the quantity of electricity involved, the thickness of the film has been estimated and found to be of the order of 60 Angstrom units (i.e. 16 molecules, assuming the film to be anhydrous Fe₂O₃).     

Thf Downtown Mall Experiment

This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the San Francisco Office-Housing Production Program (OHPP). The analysis evaluates the internal operation of the program as well as its external impact on both office development and housing production in San Francisco. While OHPP generated a significant source of housing funds for San Francisco, the program nonetheless was biased against providing full mitigation of office development impact on the housing market. The evidence also shows that OHPP had no negative impact on the rate of office space growth in San Francisco. Program design resulted in an efficient administrative program, enhanced the program's acceptability to office developers but increased dissatisfaction among community housing advocates, and led to an immediate and significant short-term increase in housing production while sacrificing overall housing production levels.     

LISREL: an Alternative to MANOVA and Principal Components in Designed Experiments when the Response is Multidimensional

In designed industrial experiments, the response is often multidimensional. There may be different responses and/or responses of equal kind that are correlated. The usual analysis is by a separate ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) for each response or by MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) of all responses simultaneously. However, ANOVA/MANOVA techniques do not fully address the multivariate situation. In this paper, MANOVA, principal components analysis, and LISREL (Linear Structural Relationship), are applied to the results of an experiment concerning high‐precision breathing apparatus to be used by firefighters. The experimental design is a 2^5?1_V, having seven response measurements and five replicates. We address both establishing a cause–effect relation, and the estimation of the impact size. The multivariate techniques strongly reduce the number of tests to be performed. MANOVA and LISREL provide standard errors of every parameter of interest. The LISREL model is very flexible in model building and parameter testing, and it gives enhanced insight into the experimental results. Its use in industrial experiments has not been fully exploited; one possible explanation is that such experiments often have too few runs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Acceleration of changes in session impact during contrasting time-limited psychotherapies.

Following the suggestion that therapeutic change is accelerated in time-limited psychotherapy, this study investigated the across-session patterns of session impact in the treatments of 117 depressed clients who were randomly allocated to 8 or 16 sessions of cognitive-behavioral (CB) or psychodynamic-interpersonal (PI) therapy. After each session, all clients completed the Session Evaluation Questionnaire and 75 of the clients completed the Session Impacts Scale. Session ratings indicated that sessions were perceived increasingly positively on most impact dimensions (e.g., session depth and smoothness, relationship with the therapist, feelings of understanding and problem solving, postsession positive mood) as treatment progressed. Early in treatment, PI therapy sessions were less smooth (i.e., more tense and uncomfortable) and less focused on problem solving, but PI sessions changed more rapidly than CB sessions on these dimensions, so that later in treatment, sessions of both treatments were equivalently positive. In both treatments, the trend toward more positive sessions was more rapid (i.e., the across-session slope was steeper) in 8-session treatments than in 16 session treatments. Such accelerated changes in session impact may reflect the suggested acceleration … (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Essential books in clinical neuropsychology.

Questionnaires were mailed to the clinical training directors of American Psychological Association-approved clinical training programs in the US offering formal neuropsychology training. Respondents were asked to list which books they considered essential readings in the field of clinical neuropsychology. 34 of 59 programs responded. Overall, 22 different books were mentioned, with 8 mentioned once, 2 cited twice, and 12 recommended 4 times or more. The frequencies of the 12 most referenced books are reported. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Age-related changes in the lipid metabolism of Fisher 344 rats

Lipid metabolism of male Fisher 344 rats aged 2–24 months was studied. Serum and liver cholesterol levels did not display the age-related gradual increase seen in other rat strains. An increase in the serum plus liver cholesterol pool from 2 to 6 months was followed by a plateau through 18 months and then another increase at 24 months of age. The triglyceride pool increased from 2 to 6 months and then remained unchanged through 24 months of age. Cholesterol synthesis from acetate decreased 50% between 2 and 9 months and fell only slightly through 24 months of age. Assay of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase showed a similar pattern but did not decrease further after 9 months of age. Cholesterol 7α hydroxylase activity was not significantly altered by age. These age- and strain-related differences present an opportunity for a comparative study of the aging process using the parameters of lipid metabolism as indicators.     

Parental factors in the sensitization and habituation of territorial aggression in the convict cichlid ( Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum).

In Exp I, 2 territorial pairs of convict cichlid fish per aquarium were observed over 12 days. Aggressive behavior waned, but there was considerable between-days variability that was linked to progression from one stage in the parental cycle to the next (i.e., from no spawn to eggs, to larvae, and to free-swimming fry). The size of territory increased as one or the other pair progressed to the next stage. In Exp II, aggression in isolated pairs was studied during progression through the parental cycle, with a short daily presentation of a conspecific used as the stimulus. This procedure permitted study of changes in aggression unconfounded by the habituation that occurred in Exp I. It was predicted from Exp I that aggression would show increases at each stage transition. The predictions were supported. In Exp III, pairs were allowed to progress into the parental cycle in visual isolation from each other. When the pairs satisfied the requirements of being at different stages in the cycle, they were allowed visual access to each other. The pair with the more advanced spawn was initially more aggressive, but the aggressive behaviors did habituate. Results support the general tenets of P. M. Groves and R. F. Thompson's (see record 1971-02046-001) dual-process theory of habituation. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of subject-generated and experimenter-provided memory tags on free recall.

64 children from Grades 2 and 5 participated in a recall task. There were 4 instructional conditions distinguished by the type of retrieval cue: sign, subcategory, supracategory, and control. The task required that the Ss image and recall items from 6 successively presented sets of categorized pictorial stimuli. These categories, however, were not mentioned; instead, a sign representing an activity for each set was emphasized as the retrieval cue. Significant effects of grade and of condition, favoring the subcategory condition, were determined by ANOVA. The results, based upon total recall as well as items-per-category and category recall, are discussed in relation to E. Tulving and M. J. Watkins's (see record 1975-26816-001) encoding specificity principle, A. Paivio's (1971) 2-process theory of memory, and F. I. Craik and R. S. Lockhart's (see record 1973-20189-001) levels-of-processing approach to memory. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)