Gas permeability and side chain structure of poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate)

Three structural modifications of poly(γ-benzyl L -glutamate) (PBLG), forms A, B, and C, were prepared by varying the casting solvents and casting temperature. From x-ray analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and viscoelastic measurements, it is concluded that form A of PBLG is characterized by intramolecular stacking between the benzene rings in the side chain, form B exhibits intermolecular stacking, and form C has no stacking. The transition which corresponds to the breakdown of stacking of form A at 135°C is irreversible, while that of form B at 110°C is reversible. The degree of stacking is larger for form A than for form B. These structural features of the side chain region reflect the permeation and sorption behavior of carbon dioxide. Breakdown of stacking between benzene rings causes an abrupt increase in permeability in both form A and form B, and the permeation behavior for form A is not reversible, as is suggested from the irreversibility of the transition. The larger the degree of stacking, the lower is the amount of sorption. Although stacking is considered to affect the sorption site (solubility) and molecular motion, its influence on solubility is more evident in the temperature range up to about 50°C.     

Ozone Storage Oriented to Power Load Leveling

This paper investigates the ozone storing properties of silica gel. There are three kinds of storing technologies for ozone at present: First, ozone gas is stored at high pressure in a gaseous state. As ozone is used, it is discharged from the container. Second, silica gel (which stores ozone at low temperatures) is able to adsorb ozone. When the silica gel is heated, ozone becomes detached. Third, silica gel that is stored under high atmospheric pressure can adsorb ozone. To detach ozone, the atmospheric pressure is reduced.

It has been found that it is unnecessary to change the temperature and pressure inside the container when removing ozone from silica gel. This means that ozone can be detached from silica gel using very little energy. This system is proposed for storing ozone in industry, and this system is effective for Power Load Leveling.     

Effect of pressure on the melting and crystallization behaviour of isotactic polybutene-1

The formation, melting and phase transition of isotactic polybutene-1 under high hydrostatic pressures were studied by high-pressure d.t.a. and X-ray diffraction up to 5 kbar. The d.t.a. thermogram of melting of form I shows a single endothermic peak up to 5 kbar. Form II crystallized directly from the melt at atmospheric pressure is metastable and it transforms to form I by the application of pressure. Above 900 bar, it transforms to form I completely and the endothermic peak of melting of form II is not observed. On crystallization from the melt under high pressure, the percentage content of form I' increases with crystallization pressure and at 1.6 kbar only form I' is crystallized. Above 2 kbar form II', which shows the same X-ray diffraction pattern as form II, is crystallized from the melt. The percentage content of form II' increases with pressure above 2 kbar, and that of form I' decreases up to 5 kbar. Upon heating under high pressure above 2 kbar, a solid-solid transition from form II' to form I' is observed in d.t.a. traces and the transition is confirmed by high-pressure X-ray diffraction. The melting temperature is expressed in the form of a quadratic equation as a function of pressure for four different forms in IPB-1.     

Optical design and roll‐to‐roll fabrication process of microstructure film for wide viewing LCDs

We have developed a new microstructure film for wide viewing liquid crystal displays (LCDs). By attaching it to the surface of a conventional LCD, the viewing angle characteristics of LCD has drastically improved without causing a blur of the frontal image and a decrease in the contrast ratio under bright ambient light conditions. This film can be applied to various LC modes including twisted nematic and multidomain vertical alignment by changing its internal micrometer‐size 3D structure. Further, this film can be mass‐produced efficiently by self alignment roll‐to‐roll process.     

Study on so called "cellular effect" of methotrexate on choriocarcinoma and its mode of manifestation (author's transl)

The "cellular effect" i.e. temporary elevation of HCG titer may not be infrequently experienced during course of chemotherapy against choriocarcinoma. Present paper is to clarify real view of the effect and mechanism of its manifestation by using a cell-line (GCH-nu). 1) Cellular growth was suppressed moderately by 10(-7), 10(-6) and 10(-5)M MTX. 2) During 2-4 days of administration at these concentrations of MTX HCG per ml medium was elevated 5 times. HCG in cells per mg protein were also higher 5-7 times. 3) HCG-beta in media was enhanced 5-7 times in MTX group. 4) Estrone, estradiol and progesterone were not altered. 5) Choriocarcinoma cells developed marked enlargement of nuclei and cells, multinucleation and cytoplasmic vacuolization. 6) Cytochemistry of heat stable ALP revealed increased activity especially in cells with morphological changes. ALP examined by biochemical method was enhanced 5 times. 7) Amount of protein per cell increased 10 times after giving MTX. Real view of so-called "cellular effect" includes elevations of HCG-beta and ALP activity as well as HCG, whereas sex steroids are not apparently related. The data in addition to morphological and cytochemical changes reveal that MTX may induce differentiation of choriocarcinoma cells into those of syncytial type, which then sustain the "cellular effect".     

隐私保护的推理机策略加密及应用

确定性有限自动状态机是能表示有限个状态以及在这些状态之间转移和动作等行为的数学模型.本文提出两种基于有限状态自动机策略的加密方案:第1种方案称为无消息负载方案,方案中密文关联到一有限自动机M而令牌关联到一个任意长的输入串w,系统能在密文空间和密钥空间测试是否令牌关联的输入串可以被密文中的自动机接受.同时给出了转换到素数阶群构建的方法.第2种方案以前种方案为原语,扩展到支持消息负载保密的方案,当自动机接受输入串时,可以成功从密文中提取明文.采用双系统加密技术,在静态安全假设下证明了该方案达到标准模型下自适应语义安全性.同时给出了两种方案的性能评测.所提出的方案可应用于隐私保护的安全外包计算、网络防火墙内容过滤、模板隐私保护的DNA比对等领域,文中给出了实际应用中的具体案例.     

Longitudinal spatial variation in ecological conditions in an in‐channel floodplain river system during flow pulses

A field survey was conducted during flow pulses to investigate the longitudinal spatial patterns in water quality, dissolved inorganic and organic matter, phytoplankton, planktonic bacteria, zooplankton, gross primary productivity (GPP) of phytoplankton and planktonic respiration (PR) in channels of the large floodplain system (～124 km in length) of the Macquarie Marshes, south‐eastern Australia. Four river reaches (areas) with distinct hydrogeomorphological characteristics within the distributary zone of the lower Macquarie River were chosen for analysis of abiotic and biotic variables in their in‐stream environments. The results showed marked longitudinal spatial variation in the values within and among the measured environmental variables including such functional aspects as primary productivity and PR. The variables that tended to have increasing values in a downstream direction were conductivity, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), dissolved silica, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), ratio of DOC/DON and counts of planktonic bacteria. Conversely, the values that tended to decrease downstream were the ratios of TN/TP, DIN/DRP, DOC/DOP, DON/DOP and GPP/PR. Variables that had a localized peak(s) were dissolved oxygen, turbidity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, GPP, PR and counts of cyanobacteria, diatoms, green algae, cryptomonads, protozoans, rotifers, copepods and cladocerans. Overall, two distinct ecological zones were identified within the broader distributary functional process zone (FPZ): these being the upstream zone with relatively high levels of DO, turbidity, diatoms and GPP/PR ratio, and the downstream zone with relatively high levels of nutrients, dissolved organic matter, cyanobacteria, planktonic bacteria, protozoans and cladocerans. The results of this study describe the spatial connectivity of ecological processes related to hydrogeomorphological factors within a FPZ of a riverine ecosystem, and support the predictions of the riverine ecosystem synthesis framework that ecological patterns and processes can be discontinuous on a longitudinal spatial scale. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An interactive rendering system using hierarchical data structure for earth-scale clouds

This paper presents an interactive system for realistic visualization of earth-scale clouds. Realistic images can be generated at interactive frame rates while the viewpoint and the sunlight directions can be changed interactively. The realistic display of earth-scale clouds requires us to render large volume data representing the density distribution of the clouds. However, this is generally time-consuming and it is difficult to achieve the interactive performance, especially when the sunlight direction ca...     

A hybrid approach for privacy-preserving RFID tags

Recently, there have been a considerable amount of works for privacy-preserving RFID tags. However, most existing schemes have a common, inherent problem in the fact that in order to identify only one single tag they require a linear computational complexity on the system side. This problem makes use of the schemes impractical in large-scale RFID deployments. We propose a new scheme for privacy-preserving RFID tags which combines the classical challenge-response mechanism with the idea of one-time pads in a simple but practical way. Our technique has a number of crucial advantages. It supports mutual authentication between reader and tag. It also supports untraceability with no information leakage. Furthermore, the scheme we present requires only one cryptographic operation to identify one device among N, which is an important benefit in large-scale RFID systems.     

Helium retention of vanadium alloy after energetic helium ion irradiation

Helium irradiation experiments of V–4Ti alloy were conducted in an ECR ion irradiation apparatus by using helium ions with energy of 5 keV. The ion fluence was in the range from 1 × 10¹⁷ He/cm² to 8 × 10¹⁷ He/cm². After the helium ion irradiation, the helium retention was examined by using a technique of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). After the irradiation, the blisters with a size of about 0.1 μm were observed at the surface, and the blister density increased with the ion fluence. Two desorption peaks were observed at approximately 500 and 1200 K in the thermal desorption spectrum. When the ion fluence was low, the retained helium desorbed mainly at the higher temperature regime. As increase of the ion fluence, the desorption at the lower temperature peak increased and the retained amount of helium saturated. The saturated amount was approximately 2.5 × 10¹⁷ He/cm². This value was comparable with those of the other plasma facing materials such as graphite.