Back to Basics: Maisons Jaoul and the Art of the mal foutu

Although Le Corbusier's debt to vernacular architecture has been frequently discussed, the particular effects that the architect searched for in his postwar buildings have been insufficiently studied. The Maisons Jaoul (1951–1955) are a case in point. Le Corbusier's search for a direct, expressive, and tactile quality of building is here also related to his interest in the ideas and practice of Jean Dubuffet. Le Corbusier was not a regionalist but he particularly admired craftsmen from the Mediterranean basin, who, he believed, retained a vigorous and comprehensive sympathy for materials. This article, using firsthand interviews with Le Corbusier's craftsmen, explores the complex and subtle ways that Le Corbusier and his assistants negotiated the textural effects they desired, which Le Corbusier described ironically as mal foutu (messed up).     

On identification of block orientated systems by non-parametric techniques

The identification of block orientated systems is discussed. Particular attention is devoted to memoryless and dynamic systems with cascade structure. An optimal model of a memoryless cascade system is derived and estimated by kernel regression. Nonlinear dynamic systems of the Hammerstein and Wiener type are identified by means of non-parametric techniques. Convergence of the identification procedures is investigated.     

TWO TESTS OF A THEORY OF VERBAL-DISCRIMINATION LEARNING.

2 TESTS WERE MADE OF A THEORY WHICH ASSUMES THAT VERBAL-DISCRIMINATION (VD) LEARNING IS BASED UPON A FREQUENCY DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND WRONG WORDS. IN EXP. I 150 UNDERGRADUATES WERE GIVEN EITHER 0, 2, OR 5 FREE-RECALL LEARNING (FL) TRIALS ON A LIST OF WORDS PRIOR TO THE WORDS' BECOMING EITHER THE CORRECT OR INCORRECT MEMBERS OF PAIRS IN A VD LIST. WHEN WORDS FROM FL WERE CORRECT IN VD, PERFORMANCE ON VD LEARNING WAS NEARLY PERFECT ON ALL TRIALS. WHEN WORDS FROM FL BECAME INCORRECT IN VD LEARNING, 2 FL TRIALS HAD ESSENTIALLY NO INFLUENCE ON VD LEARNING; WITH 5 FL TRIALS PERFORMANCE WAS INITIALLY HIGH ON VD LEARNING, BUT PROGRESSED VERY SLOWLY OVER TRIALS. IN EXP. II 45 SS WERE FORCED TO VOICE BOTH THE CORRECT AND INCORRECT MEMBERS OF PAIRS IN A VD LIST. THE INTENT WAS TO MAKE LEARNING BASED ON A FREQUENCY DIFFERENTIAL DIFFICULT. LEARNING WAS MARKEDLY RETARDED AS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. CONTROLS FORCED TO PRONOUNCE ONLY THE CORRECT RESPONSE PERFORMED BETTER THAN A GROUP LEFT TO THEIR OWN DEVICES. BOTH EXPERIMENTS ARE INTERPRETED AS SUPPORTING THE THEORY. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CERTAIN PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS AND SENSORY APPRAISALS OF APPLE TEXTURE

Apples were selected as the test medium to provide information about the relative value of physical-chemical measurements as predictors of sensory appraisal of texture. Sensory, shear force, moisture, pH and protopectin/total pectin measurements of textural parameters for five variety-lots, after various storage periods, were treated by multiple regression, analysis of variance, and covariance and path analyses. Statistical treatments revealed relationships that were clearcut and certain trends that appear to be meaningful. Panel scores were not well predicted by objective measurements with one exception. Shear force was an excellent predictor for crispness of Colorado Red Delicious. Tenderness of Golden Delicious increased as storage increased and protopectin/total pectin decreased, whereas losses of crispness and juiciness were small and inconsistent. Overall results of sensory and physical-chemical tests for Winesap and Red Delicious were rather consistent in that tenderness increased and juiciness decreased linearly with the length of storage.     

Formulation development and characterization of cellulose acetate nitrate based propellants for improved insensitive munitions properties

Cellulose acetate nitrate （CAN） was used as an insensitive energetic binder to improve the insensitive munitions （IM） properties of gun propellants to replace the M1 propellant used in 105 mm artillery charges. CAN contains the energetic nitro groups found in nitrocellulose （NC）, but also acetyl functionalities, which lowered the polymer＇s sensitivity to heat and shock, and therefore improved its IM properties relative to NC. The formulation, development and small-scale characterization testing of several CAN-based propellants were done. The formulations, using insensitive energetic solid fillers and high-nitrogen modifiers in place of nitramine were completed. The small scale characterization testing, such as closed bomb testing, small scale sensitivity, thermal stability, and chemical compatibility were done. The mechanical response of the pro- pellants under high-rate uni-axial compression at, hot, cold, and ambient temperatures were also completed. Critical diameter testing, hot fragment conductive ignition （HFCI） tests were done to evaluate the propellants＇ responses to thermal and shock stimuli. Utilizing the propellant chemical composition, theoretical predictions of erosivity were completed. All the small scale test results were utilized to down-select the promising CAN based formulations for large scale demonstration testing such as the ballistic performance and fragment impact testing in the 105 mm M67 artillery charge configurations. The test results completed in the small and large scale testing are discussed.     

高梁—小麦粉复合面包面团发酵流变学与烘焙特性

研究高粱粉(过100目筛)对高粱—小麦粉复合面团特性及其面包品质的影响.以小麦粉为参照样,将高粱粉与小麦粉分别按照10/90,20/80,30/70,40/60,50/50(m/m)的比例进行混合,然后采用Mixolab和F3发酵流变仪分析测定面团搅拌和发酵流变特性,并对面包的品质进行评定.结果表明:用高梁粉取代部分小麦粉,随着取代率的增加会降低面团吸水率、面团形成时间及其稳定性.当取代率为l0％时,面包芯和面包皮色泽(除b值外)与参照样无显著差别.除弹性和回复性外,当高粱粉对小麦粉的取代率不高于20％时,面包的其它质构参数都没有显著差异.高梁粉取代率为10％和20％的面包在感官特性方面都与参照样无显著差别,而当高粱粉取代率高达40％时,所制得的面包仍能获得评定者的接受.     

Multiparadigm distributed computing with TPVM

Distributed concurrent computing based on lightweight processes can potentially address performance and functionality limits in heterogeneous systems. The TPVM framework, based on the notion of ‘exportable services’, is an extension to the PVM message-passing system, but uses threads as units of computing, scheduling, and parallelism. TPVM facilitates and supports three different distributed concurrent programming paradigms: (a) the traditional, task based, explicit message-passing model; (b) a data-driven instantiation model that enables straightforward specification of computation based on data dependencies; and (c) a partial shared-address space model via remote memory access, with naming and typing of distributed data areas. The latter models offer significantly different computing paradigms for network-based computing, while maintaining a close resemblance to, and building upon, the conventional PVM infrastructure in the interest of compatibility and ease of transition. The TPVM system comprises three basic modules: a library interface that provides access to thread-based distributed concurrent computing facilities, a portable thread interface module which abstracts the required thread-related services, and a thread server module which performs scheduling and system data management. System implementation as well as applications experiences have been very encouraging, indicating the viability of the proposed models, the feasibility of portable and efficient threads systems for distributed computing, and the performance improvements that result from multithreaded concurrent computing. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Detection in near-field domain of biomolecules adsorbed on a single metallic nanoparticle

In this study, neurodegeneration phenomena were investigated, by performing third harmonic generation imaging measurements on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, in vivo. The in vivo, precise identification of the contour of the degenerating neurons in the posterior part of the nematode and the monitoring, in real time, of the progression of degeneration in the worm, through third harmonic generation imaging measurements, were achieved. Femtosecond laser pulses (1028 nm) were utilized for excitation. Thus, the THG image contrast modality comprises a powerful diagnostic tool, providing valuable information and offering new insights into morphological changes and complex developmental processes in live biological specimens.     

USE OF ABLATION TO DETERMINE THE CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN TWO-PHASE FLOW

The fluid to particle convective heat transfer coefficient (h_fp) is an essential design parameter in the development of an aseptic processing system. The convective heat transfer coefficient was determined using a new method based on ablation heat transfer. The amount of solid lost (ablated) was shown to be directly proportional to the energy flux across the fluid‐solid interface with the constant of proportionality being h_fp. Change in mass of an ice sphere was used as an ablation probe to study h_fp in straight, round conduit. Values of h_fp ranged from 1,369 to 2,749 W/m²K over a Reynolds number range of 2,766 to 17,081.