A 16-Mb Toggle MRAM With Burst Modes

This paper describes a recently developed 16-Mb toggle magnetic random access memory (MRAM). It has 100-MHz burst modes that are compatible with a pseudo-SRAM even though the toggle cell requires reading and comparing sequences in write modes. To accelerate operating clock frequency, we propose a distributed-driver wide-swing current-mirror scheme, an interleaved and pipelined memory-array group activation scheme, and a noise-insulation switch scheme. These circuit schemes compensate the toggle cell timing overhead in write modes and maintain write-current precision that is essential for the wide operational margin of MRAMs. Because toggle cells are very resistant to write disturbance errors, we designed the 16-Mb MRAM to include a toggle MRAM cell. The MRAM was fabricated with 0.13-mum CMOS and 0.24-mum MRAM processes with five metal layers.     

Preliminary Flight Test Program on Telecom and Broadcasting Using High Altitude Platform Stations

Telecommunication and broadcasting systems using radio-relay/base stations on board the high altitude platforms are expected to create the largest business market among its possible applications. They could also be integrated with satellite- and terrestrial-based systems in the future to construct the more powerful mobile and/or broadband networks. Prototype onboard equipment and ground equipment are being developed on schedule in the fixed, mobile, and broadcasting services. The performance of them will be demonstrated and evaluated in the preliminary flight tests planned in 2002 using alternative aerial vehicles: a helicopter, a jet, and a solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), before flight tests using the high altitude airships. This paper presents activity in Japan on the R&D of wireless access systems using high altitude platform stations and the detail of the preliminary flight test program. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), NASDA's contribution to the EOS for global energy and water cycle studies

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) was developed and provided to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's EOS Aqua satellite by the National Space Development Agency of Japan, as one of the indispensable instruments for Aqua's mission. AMSR-E is a modified version of AMSR that was launched December 2002 aboard the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II). It is a six-frequency dual-polarized total-power passive microwave radiometer that observes water-related geophysical parameters supporting global change science and monitoring efforts. The hardware improvements over existing spaceborne microwave radiometers for Earth imaging include the largest main reflector of its kind and addition of 6.925-GHz channels. These improvements provide finer spatial resolution and the capability to retrieve sea surface temperature and soil moisture information on a global basis. This paper provides an overview of the instrument characteristics, mission objectives, and data products.     

Sharing and Compatibility Study between Fixed Service Using High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) and Other Services in the 31/28 GHz Bands

In the World Radiocommunication Conference 2000 (WRC-2000), use of the 31 GHzand 28 GHz bands was permitted for the fixed service (FS) by using highaltitude platform stations (HAPS) in some countries. This paper examines thesharing and compatibility of the HAPS-based FS with the other services usingthe same and adjacent frequency bands and establishes the conditions of thecoexistence with those services. Feasibility of dynamic channel assignment(DCA) scheme among the different communication systems to facilitate thecoexistence is also studied.     

The positional distribution of dioleoyl-palmitoyl glycerol influences lymph chylomicron transport, composition and size in rats

The effects of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol (OPO) on lymph chylomicron transport, composition and size in rats were investigated in comparison with 1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoyl glycerol (OOP). The OPO and OOP were prepared by enzymatic transesterification reactions. The concentrations of OPO and OOP in the preparations were 65.7 g/100 g, and the composition of fatty acids was similar for each. The OPO preparation contained triacylglycerols with 76.6% of the palmitic acid in the sn-2 position, whereas 100% of the oleic acid was esterified to the sn-2 position in the OOP preparation. Rats were infused with lipid emulsion containing 150 g/L of OPO or OOP via a stomach catheter. Lymph was collected through the mesenteric lymphatic trunk at 1-h intervals for 12 h. Collected lymph chylomicrons were analyzed for triacylglycerol, fatty acids, apolipoprotein A-I and particle size. The maximum transport rates of triacylglycerols in the OPO group were higher than those in the OOP group. The overall absorption of triacylglycerols, palmitic acid and oleic acid in the OPO group was also higher than that in the OOP group. In the chylomicrons, 60-70% of the fatty acids at the sn-2 position of the infused triacylglycerol was transported at the original position. The transport rates of dioleoyl-palmitoyl glycerol in the OPO group were higher than those in the OOP group. The transport rates of apolipoprotein A-I did not differ between groups, whereas the mean diameter of the chylomicrons in the OPO group was larger than that in the OOP group. These results indicate that OPO is absorbed and transported more effectively than OOP.     

High power and high sensitivity planar lightwave circuit moduleincorporating a novel passive alignment method

A high-power, high-sensitivity planar lightwave circuit (PLC) module, comprising a laser diode (LD) and a photodiode (PD) surface mounted on a PLC platform, has been realized by a novel passive alignment technique. We used a spot-size transformed LD and a corner-illuminated PD to form a highly efficient optical coupling between the devices and a PLC waveguide. We used the unique marker alignment method to ensure accurate positioning of them. The positioning precision achieved in the lateral direction was within 1 μm for the LD's and within 10 μm for the PD's. The rotational precision was within 0.4° for both chips. We realized high power operation (>8 mW) with a high receiver sensitivity (0.3 A/W). In this paper, we describe a high power, high sensitivity PLC incorporating a novel passive optical alignment technique for LD's and PD's     

Sudden cardiac tamponade due to hemorrhagic myocarditis after preconditioning marrow transplantation with cyclophosphamide in a patient with aplastic anemia

Matrix metalloproteinases have been shown to be important in tumour invasion and metastasis, and the use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in animal models has suggested that these agents may be useful in the control of malignant disease. This article reports the results of an early clinical trial of batimastat, one of the first generation of metalloproteinase inhibitors, in patients with malignant ascites. The drug was well absorbed via the intraperitoneal route and associated with few side-effects. Furthermore, a response to treatment was seen in about half the evaluable patients with advanced malignant disease. The results suggest that further research on the use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in patients with malignant disease is worthwhile.