混凝土芯砂石桩复合地基加固堤防软基试验研究

介绍了一种新型的地基处理方法——混凝土芯砂石桩复合地基法及其在水利防洪堤软基加固工程中的应用情况。通过现场原位观测和试验,研究了混凝土芯砂石桩复合地基固结变形、孔压消散、桩土应力分担及承载力特性,结果表明混凝土芯砂石桩强度高,排水固结能力强,能迅速提高桩间土强度和承载力,应用于水利堤防工程既能控制堤防深厚软基的工后沉降,又能提高堤防边坡的稳定性,推广应用前景良好。     

非离子、阳离子表面活性剂与驱油表面活性剂的协同效应

研究了驱油表面活性剂与非离子、阳离子表面活性剂的协同效应.表面活性剂之间的复配效果不仅与表面活性剂之间能否形成紧密的混合胶束有关,而且与油相性质如碳数、分子结构及水相性质如矿化度及电解质组成有关.当油相碳数较低时,Tween类非离子表面活性剂的亲油基在界面上插入油层较浅,在和阴离子表面活性剂形成混合胶束时其庞大体积的亲水基在水相中插入较深,对混合胶束形成的空间位阻作用较小,因此可形成较紧密的胶束而改善界面活性.Tween 80由于其亲油基碳链较长,在和阴离子表面活性剂形成混合胶束时,其庞大体积的亲水基离得较远,对混合胶束形成的空间位阻作用较小,而使减小阴离子表面活性剂离子端电荷间静电作用的屏蔽效应居于优势,因而界面活性有较大改善.阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB加入阴离子表面活性剂中由于其正负离子之间的引力使胶束更加紧密,界面活性得到改善,但只发生在矿化度较低的情况下.当矿化度较高时,反离子浓度增加,从而压缩表面活性剂的双电层,减弱了表面活性剂离子头上电荷对周围表面活性剂离子头的电荷作用力.     

A COUPLING MODEL OF WATER FLOWS AND GAS FLOWS IN EXHAUSTED GAS BUBBLE ON MISSILE LAUNCHED UNDERWATER

The gas and water flows during an underwater missile launch are numerically studied. For the gas flow, the explicit difference scheme of Non-oscillation and Non-free-parameter Dissipation (NND) is utilized to solve the Euler equations for compressible fluids in the body-fitted coordinates. For the water flow, the Hess-Smith method is employed to solve the Laplace equation for the velocity potential of irrotational water flows based on the potential theory and the boundary element method. The hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation for the free boundary conditions is used to compute the changes of the free surface of the exhausted gas bubble in time stepping. On the free surface of the exhausted gas bubble, the matched conditions of both the normal velocities and pressures are satisfied. From the numerical simulation, it is found that the exhausted gas bubble grows more rapidly in the axial direction than in the radial direction and the bubble will shrink at its "neck" finally. Numerical results of the movement of the shock wave and the distribution of the Mach number and the gas pressure within the bubble were presented, which reveals that at some time, the gas flow in the Laval nozzle is subsonic and the gas pressure in the nozzle is very high. Influences of various initial missile velocities and chamber total pressures and water depths on both the time interval when the gas flow in the nozzle is subsonic and the peak of the gas pressure at the nozzle end were discussed. It was suggested that a reasonable adjustment of the chamber total pressure can improve the performance of the engine during the underwater launch of missiles.     

模糊聚类在三维地震参数处理中的应用

三维地震参数是一个庞大的三维数据体，能从不同侧面反映储集层的特征。通过对三维地震参数的分析，可以评估油藏表征的参数（沉积相、构造、生长历史、流体饱和度等）。针对传统的聚类方法不能很好地综合考虑各个参数之间的相似程度，提出了用模糊C-均值聚类（fuzzy c-means clustering，简称FCM）对三维地震参数进行处理。从三维地震参数和油藏表征参数之间的关系出发，采用模糊C-均值聚类方法对三维地震参数进行处理，依此评估油藏表征的参数。测试结果表明，模糊C-均值聚类方法能够对三维地震参数进行较为准确的分类，并为储集层的研究提供了很好的依据。     

三角洲前缘河口坝储层构型界面层次表征

以高分辨率层序地层学和储层构型理论为指导,采用层次分析方法,对胜坨油田沙二段8砂组河口坝砂体构型界面进行了层次表征.根据高频湖泛面将8砂组划分为3个中期基准面旋回、17个短期基准面旋回.在等时地层格架内,建立了河口坝储层5级构型界面层次:5级界面常发育稳定的前三角洲泥岩,构成油田开发中的隔层;4级界面由厚度变化的泥岩、粉砂质泥岩组成,形成流体渗流屏障;3级界面为低渗透的薄层泥质粉砂岩构成,对地下流体的流动起一定的阻碍和缓冲作用.利用密井网区的动态监测资料,建立了储层构型界面分布模型.构型界面的层次表征揭示了储层内部复杂的构型界面对剩余油分布具有控制作用,为剩余油的挖潜指明了方向.     

西安市水问题现状分析与节水对策研究

西安市是严重缺水的城市,水资源紧缺已经成为制约其发展的因素之一。本文通过调查研究,对西安市水问题进行了现状分析,并从节约用水、推广使用再生水、开发利用雨水等三个方面提出可行的节水对策。     

万家寨引黄工程北干线输水管基湿陷性特征研究

山西省万家寨引黄工程北干线输水管线大部分地段通过黄土地区，黄土地基的湿陷性已成为主要的工程地质问题。在湿陷性黄土地区进行工程建设，应查明黄土的工程特性，湿陷性质、厚度、成因及其分布变化，确定场地湿陷类型和地基湿陷等级，并按工程设计的特性需求，进行地基处理等研究是十分必要的。     

水基流延法制备片式PTC陶瓷

以PVA和PAA乳液为粘合剂,用水基流延法制备了BaTiO3基片式PTC陶瓷基片。研究了粘合剂、固相含量等对浆料黏度及流变行为的影响,同时对流延基片的干燥工艺、烧成曲线等也进行了研究。结果表明,将流延干燥后的基片,在1 320℃空气中烧结30 min,所得PTC样品的升阻比大于6个数量级,温度系数大于16%/℃,能够满足叠层PTC器件的制备要求。     

Spectral Feature Analysis of Semiconductor Thin Disk Laser

The semiconductor thin disk laser is a new type of semiconductor laser. This work gives the basic operation function of the semiconductor disk laser, and analyses the heat effect by the experimentally measured photoluminescence spectrum of the laser chip at different pump power and different temperatures. We can see that: with increasing pump power, the thermal effect of the gain material becomes seriously and causes the saturation of carrier lifetime, so the electron-hole pair created in the absorbtion lay...     

低温下“龙塔”材料的选择

结合黑龙江电视塔 (龙塔 ) ,就低温下钢塔材料的选择、结构选型与构造作了简要介绍。