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2.
Effects of breed and age at slaughter on degradation of muscle lipids during processing of dry‐cured hams 下载免费PDF全文
Linda Storrustløkken Hanne Marie Devle Lars Erik Gangsei Carl Fredrik Naess‐Andresen Bjørg Egelandsdal Ole Alvseike Dag Ekeberg 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2015,50(8):1933-1943
Hams from Landrace, Duroc and Hampshire pigs slaughtered at ages 6, 7.5 and 9 months were processed to generate Norwegian Parma‐style hams. Lipid contents and the compositions of fatty acid classes (ΣSFA, ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA) within neutral lipids, phospholipids and free fatty acids were determined. Small differences in lipid degradation and composition of the classes were revealed. However, significant sensory differences related to lipids were observed. Breed was more important than age. Dry‐cured Hampshire hams gave a more intense mature odour that may be associated with higher overall lipid degradation. Unexpectedly, these hams also demonstrated high juiciness and tenderness, which could be related to the melting characteristics of the fat. Dry‐cured Duroc hams showed a higher susceptibility towards rancidity, presumably associated with preferential oxidation of n‐6 fatty acids relative to C18:1 n‐9. Dry‐cured Landrace hams showed the lowest juiciness and tenderness, likely due to their lower fat content (marbling). 相似文献
3.
A tRNA operon (trnA) from Lactococcus lactis consisting of seven tRNA genes and a 5S rRNA gene was cloned and sequenced. Promoter-fusion of the trnA promoter to a promoter-less beta-galactosidase gene of Leuconostoc mesenteroides resulted in high levels of beta-galactosidase activity in L. lactis. Searching for sequences with similarity to the sequence of the promoter region revealed a consensus sequence of promoters preceeding rRNA operons and tRNA operons from Lactococcus species including a not previously described conserved sequence (AGTT). 相似文献
4.
The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin is potentially encoded by six genes, which can be categorized into two types based on a sequence change at codon 117: GCC for the type I and GAC for the type II genes. We previously showed that, whereas type I genes were exclusively expressed in normal breast tissues, expression of type II genes was associated with malignant transformation (Bellet, D., et al. Cancer Res., 57: 516-523, 1997). We designed a simple and robust test (the CG117 assay) that measures the percentage of type II over both types of chorionic gonadotropin beta mRNAs. Normal breast tissues consistently had a negative CG117 index, whereas cancer breast tissues showed indexes ranging from 0 to 100%. The prognostic significance of the CG117 index was investigated in a series of 99 unilateral invasive primary breast cancer patients with known long-term outcome (median follow-up, 9 years). The CG117 index was positive in 48 (48.5%) of the 99 tumor mRNA samples. The index was not significantly associated with standard prognostic parameters, including clinical and macroscopic tumor size, histopathological grade, and lymph node status or steroid receptor status. Patients with a positive CG117 index in primary tumor mRNA had significantly shorter metastasis-free survival (P = 0.014) and overall survival (P = 0.038) after surgery, compared to patients with a negative index. The prognostic significance of the CG117 index persisted in Cox multivariate regression analysis, both for metastasis-free survival (P = 0.008) and overall survival (P = 0.016), together with lymph node status (P = 0.027 and P = 0.009, respectively). These findings indicate that the CG117 index may contribute to the identification of high-risk breast cancer patients. 相似文献
5.
For the first time it has been shown that a median splice strength (4.8 GPa) closely matching that of the fibre can be achieved using a commercial fusion splicer. This is achieved by carefully controlling the stripping process and the environmental conditions 相似文献
6.
J Svanegaard JB Johansen P Thayssen T Haghfelt 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,155(23):1784-1788
The maintenance of cardiac pumping ability in the presence of a primary disturbance of myocardial contractility and/or an excessive haemodynamic strain on the heart is dependent on several compensatory mechanisms. Particular attention has formerly been paid to the importance of the Frank-Starling mechanism and cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation in maintaining a blood supply sufficient to cover the metabolic needs of various tissues in heart failure. In recent years, however, it has been found that certain neurohormonal systems (the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic peptide and several locally acting vaso-active substances) undergo considerable changes according to the degree of heart failure. These compensatory mechanisms support the circulation wholly or partially in acute heart failure, however sustained neurohormonal activation may be harmful in chronic heart failure, where several neurohormonal factors may be activated to ill-effect. The most significant neurohormonal systems and their importance in heart failure are reviewed on the basis of the available literature. 相似文献
7.
In the last decade there was growing interest in strategic management literature about factors that influence a company's ability to use IT. There is general consensus that knowledge and competency are necessary in developing an IT capability, but there is very little understanding of what the necessary competencies are, and how they influence IS usage in different contexts. The small and medium-sized enterprise context is particularly interesting for two reasons: it constitutes a major part of the economy and it has been relatively unsuccessful in exploiting e-business. 相似文献
8.
An anonymous questionnaire inquiry performed among 324 school teachers in the Randers area with the purpose of elucidating teachers' knowledge about asthma is presented. To a series of statements about asthma, the teachers should answer yes, no or don't know. A limited knowledge about asthma in children was found. The knowledge about medicamental treatment was particularly limited. Only 57 per cent knew that wheezing after physical exertion is a strong indicator of asthma. Only five per cent had received proper instruction. This latter group had a significantly better knowledge of medical treatment (p < 0.0001-0.05). It is recommended that instruction in children's diseases, especially asthma should be reintroduced in teachers' training colleges. 相似文献
9.
Fat systems for bakery products 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R. R. Baldwin R. P. Baldry R. G. Johansen 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1972,49(8):473-477
Fat systems for cake, Danish pastries and bread are described in terms of physical and chemical characteristics as well as
performance. Results indicate that additives, such as surfactants and dough conditioners in well formulated fat systems, can
increase tolerance, improve uniformity and extend storage life of baked products. The polar and nonpolar lipids naturally
present in flour are shown to affect finished bread quality, with the polar lipids showing an improving effect. The apparently
divergent trends in the development and use of specialized shortenings for specific baked products vs. the development and
use of multipurpose bulk systems for a variety of baked products are reviewed.
One of seven papers presented in the symposium “Fats and Oils in the Food Industry,” AOCS Meeting, Atlantic City, October
1971. 相似文献
10.
Jens Petter Johansen Petter Grytten Almklov Abdul Basit Mohammad 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2016,18(2):333-350
This paper explores how different forms of anticipatory work contribute to reliability in high-risk space operations. It is based on ethnographic field work, participant observation and interviews supplemented with video recordings from a control room responsible for operating a microgravity greenhouse at the International Space Station (ISS). Drawing on examples from different stages of a biological experiment on the ISS, we demonstrate how engineers, researchers and technicians work to anticipate and proactively mitigate possible problems. Space research is expensive and risky. The experiments are planned over the course of many years by a globally distributed network of organizations. Owing to the inaccessibility of the ISS, every trivial detail that could possibly cause a problem is subject to scrutiny. We discuss what we label anticipatory work: practices constituted of an entanglement of cognitive, social and technical elements involved in anticipating and proactively mitigating everything that might go wrong. We show how the nature of anticipatory work changes between planning and the operational phases of an experiment. In the planning phase, operators inscribe their anticipation into technology and procedures. In the operational phase, we show how troubleshooting involves the ability to look ahead in the evolving temporal trajectory of the ISS operations and to juggle pre-planned fixes along these trajectories. A key objective of this paper is to illustrate how anticipation is shared between humans and different forms of technology. Moreover, it illustrates the importance of including considerations of temporality in safety and reliability research. 相似文献