The majority theorem of centralized multiple BAMs networks

A method for modeling the learning of belief combination in evidential reasoning using a neural network is presented. A centralized network composed of multiple bidirectional associative memories (BAMs) sharing a single output array of neurons is proposed to process the uncertainty management of many pieces of evidence simultaneously. The convergence properties of the multi-BAM network are proved. The combination process of evidence is considered as a resonant process through the multi-BAM networks. Most important of all, a majority rule of decision making in presentation of multiple evidence is also found by the study of signal-noise-ratio (SNR) of the multi-BAM network. Some simulation examples are given. The result is coherent with the intuition of reasoning.     

以公共结构及语言进行应用系统一体化

介绍了美国佛罗里达电力照明公司对主要业务系统基于公共结构及语言,进行信息集成的工作过程和经验,对企业信息一体化的技术内容和框架结构做了总体介绍,并根据应用实际阐述了公共信息模型的扩展,对其他企业开展信息系统一体化工作具有一定的借鉴作用.     

Turbulence enhancement by ultrasonically induced gaseous cavitation in the CO2 saturated water

Recent primary concern for the design of high performance heat exchanger and highly integrated electronic equipments is to develop an active and creative technologies which enhance the heat transfer without obstructing the coolant flows. In this study, we found through the LDV measurement that the gaseous cavitation induced by ultrasonic vibration applied to the CO₂ saturated water in the square cross-sectioned straight duct flow enhances the turbulence much more than the case of non-ultrasonic or normal ultrasonic conditions without gaseous cavitation does. We also found that gaseous cavitation can enhance effectively the turbulent heat transfer between the heating surfaces and coolants by destructing the viscous sublayer.     

Designing to Facilitate Browsing: A Look Back at the Hyperties Workstation Browser

Since browsing hypertext can present a formidable cognitive challenge, user interface design plays a major role in determining acceptability. In the Unix workstation version of Hyperties, a research-oriented prototype, we focussed on design features that facilitate browsing. We first give a general overview of Hyperties and its markup language. Customizable documents can be generated by the conditional text feature that enables dynamic and selective display of text and graphics. In addition we present: — an innovative solution to link identification: pop-out graphical buttons of arbitrary shape.

— application of pie menus to permit low cognitive load actions that reduce the distraction of common actions, such as page turning or window selection.

— multiple window selection strategies that reduce clutter and housekeeping effort. We preferred piles-of-tiles, in which standard-sized windows were arranged in a consistent pattern on the display and actions could be done rapidly, allowing users to concentrate on the contents.

     

Non-targeted analysis of tea by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry

Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world and its consumption has been associated with numerous potential health benefits. Factors such as fermentation methods, geographical origin and season can affect the primary and secondary metabolite composition of tea. In this study, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ionisation modes was developed and optimised. The method when combined with principal component analysis to analyse three different types of tea, successfully distinguished samples into different categories, and provided evidence of the metabolites which differed between them. The accurate mass and high resolution attributes of the mass spectrometric data were utilised and relative quantification data were extracted post-data acquisition on 18 amino acids, showing significant differences in amino acid concentrations between tea types and countries. This study highlights the potential of HILIC chromatography combined with non-targeted mass spectrometric methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of polar metabolites in plant extracts.     

Path to Market for Compact Modular Fusion Power Cores

The benefits of an energy source whose reactants are plentiful and whose products are benign is hard to measure, but at no time in history has this energy source been more needed. Nuclear fusion continues to promise to be this energy source. However, the path to market for fusion systems is still regularly a matter for long-term (20?+?year) plans. This white paper is intended to stimulate discussion of faster commercialization paths, distilling guidance from investors, utilities, and the wider energy research community (including from ARPA-E). There is great interest in a small modular fusion system that can be developed quickly and inexpensively. A simple model shows how compact modular fusion can produce a low cost development path by optimizing traditional systems that burn deuterium and tritium, operating not only at high magnetic field strength, but also by omitting some components that allow for the core to become more compact and easier to maintain. The dominant hurdles to the development of low cost, practical fusion systems are discussed, primarily in terms of the constraints placed on the cost of development stages in the private sector. The main finding presented here is that the bridge from DOE Office of Science to the energy market can come at the Proof of Principle development stage, providing the concept is sufficiently compact and inexpensive that its development allows for a normal technology commercialization path.     

Phase Stability in the Mo-Ti-Zr-C System via Thermodynamic Modeling and Diffusion Multiple Validation

Alloys in the Mo-rich corner of the Mo-Ti-Zr-C system have found broad applications in non-oxidizing environments requiring structural integrity well beyond 1273 K (1000 °C). Alloys such as TZM (Mo-0.5Ti-0.08Zr-0.03C by weight %) and TZC (Mo-1.2Ti-0.3Zr-0.1C by weight) owe much of their high temperature strength and microstructural stability to MC and M₂C carbide phases. In turn, the stability of the respective carbides and the subsequent mechanical behavior of the alloys are strongly dependent on the alloying additions and thermal history. A CALPHAD-based thermodynamic modeling approach is employed to develop a quaternary thermodynamic database for the Mo-Ti-Zr-C system. The thermodynamic database thus developed is validated with diffusion multiple experiments and the validated database is exercised to elucidate the effects of alloying and thermal history on the phase equilibrium in Mo-rich alloys.     

Key factors affecting nickel recovery during the segregation of laterite ores

The segregation process as applied to nickel laterite ores involves the formation of gaseous nickel and iron chlorides which are subsequently reduced to form ferronickel on the surface of a solid carbon reductant. A fundamental study of the process has been carried out using limonite, nontronite and garnierite ores. The study highlighted the significant impacts that ore mineralogy and carbon addition have on the amount of nickel which is segregated rather than retained within the ore due to in situ reduction. These important aspects affecting nickel recovery and the success of the process are discussed in this paper.     

Commercial process for mass production of synthetic natural gas through the adiabatic reactors: operational characteristics of a 50‐kW pilot‐plant,influence of steam,and CO2

In synthetic natural gas (SNG) reaction process, the water gas shift (WGS) reaction and methanation reaction take place simultaneously, and an insufficient supply of steam might deactivate the catalyst. In this study, the characteristics of the methanation reaction with a commercial catalyst and using a low [H₂]/[CO] mole ratio in SNG synthesis are evaluated. The reaction characteristics at various possible process parameters are evaluated varying different process parameters such as the [H₂O]/[CO] mole ratio, [H₂]/[CO] mole ratio, flow of different % CO₂, and reaction temperature. Temperature profiles on catalyst bed are monitored as a function of the [H₂O]/[CO] mole ratio, [H₂]/[CO] mole ratio, and flow of different % CO₂. Through a lab‐scale optimization process, suitable optimum conditions are selected and in the same condition a 50‐kW pilot‐scale SNG production process through adiabatic reactors is carried out. The pilot scale SNG reaction is stable through overnight and the CO conversion efficiency and CH₄ selectivity are 100% and 97.3%, respectively, while the maximum CH₄ productivity is 0.654 m³/kg_cat · h. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.