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51.
Natalie Turner Pevindu Abeysinghe Pawel Sadowski Murray D. Mitchell 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
The reproductive status of dairy cows remains a challenge for dairy farmers worldwide, with impaired fertility linked to a significant reduction in herd profitability, due in part to impaired immunity, increased metabolic pressure, and longer postpartum anestrous interval (PPAI). Exosomes are nanovesicles released from a variety of cell types and end up in circulation, and carry proteins, bioactive peptides, lipids, and nucleic acids specific to the place of origin. As such, their role in health and disease has been investigated in humans and animals. This review discusses research into exosomes in the context of reproduction in dairy herds and introduces recent advances in mass-spectrometry (MS) based proteomics that have a potential to advance quantitative profiling of exosomal protein cargo in a search for early biomarkers of cattle fertility. 相似文献
52.
Male rats were fed 100 nM dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C in oil by gastric tube. Recovery of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C in thoracic duct lymph was 60% in 12 hr. Lymph dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C (97%) occurred in lipoproteins of d<1.006, designated chylomicrons. Mechanical separation of chylomicron triglyceride core
(labeled with triglyceride-3H) from chylomicron membrane (labeled with phospholipid-32P) showed that 97% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C was present in triglyceride core. To investigate possible association of plasma clearance of the two core lipids, rats were
pulse injected with chylomicrons, doubly labeled with triglyceride-3H and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C. The decay of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C in sequential serum samples was rapid (T1/2=2 min) and was independent of triglyceride-3H decay. In tissues removed 14 min after injection of chylomicrons, 30% administered dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C was found in liver but only 1% in adipose tissue. In hepatectomized (eviscerated) rats, the decay of serum dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C (T1/2=10 min) was also independent of and more rapid than triglyceride-3H decay. With sucrose density gradients, it was shown that chylomicron dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C transferred to higher density serum proteins in vitro and in vivo and to bovine albumin in vitro. Thus, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
was transported from intestine largely in the triglyderide phase of chylomicrons; disappearance of chylomicron-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
from the systemic circulation was rapid and partly independent of the presence of the liver and of triglyceride hydrolysis;
some dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane was transported from serum chylomicrons to albumin or other plasma proteins before tissue
uptake. 相似文献
53.
Dimitrios V. Dounis J. Cal Moreland Garth L. Wilkes Dave A. Dillard Robert B. Turner 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1993,50(2):293-301
Samples of flexible water-blown slabstock polyurethane foams were compressed under constant load to study the effects of cycling moisture content on creep behavior and compare this behavior with the creep response where either a constant high or low moisture environment existed at the same temperature. Three sets of foams were tested: (1) 4 pph water content slabstock foam; (2) 5 pph water content slabstock foam; and (3) 2 pph water content molded foam. As the moisture conditions were cycled from low to high humidity while maintaining constant temperature in an environmental chamber, the compressive strain increased in subsequent steps with larger increases observed during the desorption portion of the humidity cycling. All three sets of foams showed similar behavior at a given temperature. At a temperature of 40°C, the strain levels under cyclic moisture conditions surpassed those levels observed at the highest constant relative humidity. During the first absorption step, the creep level increased. During any subsequent absorption step, the creep level either increased very little or none at all. Finally, during any desorption step, the creep level increased. This overall phenomenon of enhanced creep under cyclic moisture levels is attributed to water interacting with the hydrogen bonded structure within the foam. These hydrophillic interactions, principally promoted within the hard segment regions due to high hydrogen bonding, are disrupted causing slippage and increased in strain. As the foam is rapidly dired, regions of free volume are induced by the loss of water thus causing further increases in strain Prior to the reestablishment of well ordered hydrogen bonding. Further support to this proposition was given by the results obtained at a temperature of 90° C where it is well known that hydrogen bonds are much more mobile. Here, the strain levels under cyclic moisture conditions were nearly the same as those under constant high relative humidity. Weakening of the hydrogen bonds by means such as increased temperature resulted in similar strain levels to those under cyclic moisture levels. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
54.
Studies have been made of the effect of Cd2+ on the oxidation rate of C3H8 in 80% H3PO4 at 130 C on platinized Pt electrodes.Dissolved Cd2+ discharges, probably as Cd0, and forms a stable sub-monolayer on a Pt electrode at potentials as high as 0·5 V versus RHE. Although this Cd0 layer is apparently substantially desorbed in favor of adsorbed hydrocarbon, C3H8 adsorption is inhibited in its presence. C3H8 oxidation is also inhibited. However, the C3H8 oxidation rate is observed to increase under some circumstances, and this appears to be because Cd isabsorbed into the Pt lattice. Co-plating of Cd and Pt leads to an electrode which, once the excess Cd has been removed, appears to be stable, and which catalyses C3H8 oxidation by about a factor of three at 0·25 V. Above 0·3 V, this absorbed Cd somewhat inhibits C3H8 oxidation. 相似文献
55.
The in vitro incorporation of leucine, isoleucine and pyruvate into lipids was compared and the possibility that leucine might
serve as anin situ precursor to the correspondingiso fatty acids in the rat sciatic nerve was studied. The relative incorporation of14C from leucine into lipids vs. nonlipids was 20%, and the incorporation of label into total lipids from leucine was one-half
that from pyruvate. The incorporation of label from leucine and pyruvate into sterols was nearly equivalent, but the incorporation
of label into all other lipid classes from leucine was less than that from pyruvate, and the incorporation of label from isoleucine
into lipids was much less in all cases. No detectable label from leucine was incorporated into brached chain fatty acids.
It is concluded that leucine may be a substantial in vitro precursor to all major lipids in peripheral nerve, especially sterols.
The possibility and significance of a leucine catabolic pathway in the cytosol in relation to availability of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
CoA for sterol biosynthesis is discussed. 相似文献
56.
Free acids of the iron substituted heteropoly acids (HPA), H7[(P2W17O61)FeIII(H2O)] (HFe1) and H18[(P2W15O56)2FeIII2(H2O)2] (HFe2) were prepared from the salts K7[(P2W17O61)FeIII(H2O)] (KFe1) and Na12[(P2W15O56)2FeIII4(H2O)2] (NaFe4), respectively. The iron-substituted HPA were adsorbed on to XC-72 carbon based GDLs to form HPA doped GDEs after water washing with HPA loadings of ca. 1 μmol. The HPA was detected throughout the GDL by EDX. Solution electrochemistry of the free acids are reported for the first time in sulfate buffer, pH 1-3. The hydrogen oxidation reaction was catalyzed by KFe1 at 0.33 V, with an exchange current density of 38 mA/cm2. Moderate activity for the oxygen reduction reaction was observed for the iron substituted HPA, which was dramatically improved by selectively removing oxygen atoms from the HPA by cycling the fuel cell cathode under N2 followed by reoxidation to give a restructured oxide catalyst. The nanostructured oxide achieved an OCV of 0.7 V with a Tafel slope of 115 mV/decade. Cycling the same catalysts in oxygen resulted in an improved catalyst/ionomer/carbon configuration with a slightly higher Tafel slope, 128 mV/decade but a respectable current density of 100 mA/cm2 at 0.2 V. 相似文献
57.
J. C. Moreland G. L. Wilkes C. G. Moreland S. S. Sankar E. O. Stejskal R. B. Turner 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1994,52(9):1175-1180
High-resolution solid-state 13C-NMR has been used to study the phase separation and molecular motion in two series of polyurethane foams. These two series differ by one possessing the additive of lithium chloride, LiCl. NMR relaxation times can map the motion throughout the polymer molecule and detect changes in that motion arising from either microseparation or phase mixing between the different segments. There are only slight changes in the soft segment T1p(13C) values as well as an increase in the hard segment T1p(1H) values with increase in the hard segment content for the foams studied. The T1p(1H) and T1p(13C) values do indicate that the phase separation of the hard and soft segments is similar for all foams. A decrease in the T1p(1H) and T1p(13C) values with increasing LiCl content indicates that the motion of the soft segments is restricted more by the hard segments. This is explained by more phase mixing in the foams containing the LiCl additive. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
58.
Submicrometer epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO) on (100) LaAlO3 were made by coevaporation and furnace annealing. Samples from more than a dozen runs are used in this study. The zero resistance transition temperature (T
c) is high (89 or 90 K) if the film composition is phase pure (Ba/Y=2, Cu/Y=3) or if it is enriched in Ba and Cu. For these compositions the critical current density (J
c) at 77 K has an average value of 2×105 A cm–2, with a tendency for decreasingJ
c with increasing film thickness (0.2 to 0.8m). Variations inJ
c are not correlated with deviations from ideal stoichiometry. Steeper slopes of the resistance-temperature curves above 100 K and lower values of the room-temperature resistivity are associated with high values ofJ
c. If the film composition is enriched in Y relative to Ba and Cu,T
c decreases by several degrees. 相似文献
59.
Emre Akyurek Alexandre Dilly Fabrice Jourdan Zhu Liu Souraneel Chattoraj Itziar Berruezo Juandeaburre Michel Heinrich Leonid Paramonov Peter Turner Stelarc Tatiana Kalganova 《计算机技术与应用:英文》2013,(11):569-574
In the development of robotic limbs, the side of members is of importance to define the shape of artificial limbs and the range of movements. It is mainly significant tbr biomedical applications concerning patients suffering arms or legs injuries, fn this paper, the concept of an ambidextrous design lbr robot hands is introduced. The fingers can curl in one xvay or another, to imitate either a right hand or a left hand. The advantages and inconveniences of different models have been investigated to optimise the range and the maximum force applied by fingers. Besides, a remote control interthce is integrated to the system, allowing both to send comrnands through internet and to display a video streaming of the ambidextrous hand as feedback. Therefore, a robotic prosthesis could be used for the first time in telerehabilitation. The main application areas targeted are physiotherapy alter strokes or management of phantom pains/br amputees by/earning to control the ambidextrous hand. A client application is also accessible on Facehook social network, making the robotic limb easily reachable for the patients. Additionally the ambidextrous hand can be used tbr robotics research as well as artistic performances. 相似文献
60.
Dorothy K. Hall Jason E. Box Kimberly A. Casey Simon J. Hook Christopher A. Shuman Konrad Steffen 《Remote sensing of environment》2008,112(10):3739-3749
The most practical way to get spatially broad and continuous measurements of the surface temperature in the data-sparse cryosphere is by satellite remote sensing. The uncertainties in satellite-derived LSTs must be understood to develop internally-consistent decade-scale land surface temperature (LST) records needed for climate studies. In this work we assess satellite-derived “clear-sky” LST products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), and LSTs derived from the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) over snow and ice on Greenland. When possible, we compare satellite-derived LSTs with in-situ air temperature observations from Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) automatic weather stations (AWS). We find that MODIS, ASTER and ETM+ provide reliable and consistent LSTs under clear-sky conditions and relatively-flat terrain over snow and ice targets over a range of temperatures from ? 40 to 0 °C. The satellite-derived LSTs agree within a relative RMS uncertainty of ~ 0.5 °C. The good agreement among the LSTs derived from the various satellite instruments is especially notable since different spectral channels and different retrieval algorithms are used to calculate LST from the raw satellite data. The AWS record in-situ data at a “point” while the satellite instruments record data over an area varying in size from: 57 × 57 m (ETM+), 90 × 90 m (ASTER), or to 1 × 1 km (MODIS). Surface topography and other factors contribute to variability of LST within a pixel, thus the AWS measurements may not be representative of the LST of the pixel. Without more information on the local spatial patterns of LST, the AWS LST cannot be considered valid ground truth for the satellite measurements, with RMS uncertainty ~ 2 °C. Despite the relatively large AWS-derived uncertainty, we find LST data are characterized by high accuracy but have uncertain absolute precision. 相似文献