Einfluß des Siliciumgehaltes auf die Gefügeausbildung eines Schnellarbeitsstahles der Sorte S 6-5-2

An einem Schnellarbeitsstahl der Sorte S 6–5–2 wird der Einfluß von bis zu 5% Si auf das Erstarrungsverhalten untersucht und in Temperatur-Kenzentration-Schnitten dargestellt. Ausgehend vom Gußzustand werden chemische Zusammensetzung, Menge und Mengenverteilung der Carbide MC, M₂C, M₆C und eines als Primärcarbid in diesem Stahltyp bislang unbekannten M₇C₃-Carbides festgestellt. Die nur beim M₆C-Carbid beobachtete Aufnahme von Silicium und Verdrängung von Wolfram, Molybdän und Eisen sowie das Auftreten einer Löslichkeitsgrenze für dieses Element werden anhand der Atomanordnung der Elementarzelle von M₆C gedeutet.     

Skill training with alcoholics.

Evaluated a short-term skill-training intervention that taught male alcoholics generation of appropriate behaviors in problematic situations. 40 alcoholics (mean age, 45.6 yrs) engaged in inpatient treatment were divided into 3 groups—a skill-training group, a discussion group, and a no-additional-treatment control group. A verbal role-playing measure of responses to situations associated with drinking behavior and relapse (Situational Competency Test, SCT) showed significant performance improvement of the training group as compared to the control groups. All Ss also completed the Shipley-Institute of Living Scale for measuring Intellectual Impairment and the Drinking Profile prior to treatment. A 1-yr posttreatment follow-up indicated that skill training decreased the duration and severity of relapse episodes. Behavior on the SCT predicted posttreatment adjustment. Although there are some limitations to skill training as implemented, results suggest its utility as one component of a multimodal behavioral approach to relapse in problem drinking and other problem areas such as drug addiction, smoking, obesity, and crime. (36 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Wet air oxidation studies of coal gasification wastewaters

The kinetics of wet oxidation of coal gasification wastewater were studied. Experimental studies explored the effect of temperature and residence time on the extent of reaction by conducting constant volume batch tests in a 1-liter high pressure autoclave. The extent of reaction was determined by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol concentrations of the wastewater at various times.The effect of temperature was studied from 205 to 251°C with residence times from 30 to 90 minutes. The experimental data obtained were used to fit Arrhenius expressions of the reactions. A mathematical model consisted of two first-order reactions in series showing a maximum COD reduction of 60% and a maximum phenol reduction of 95%, both at 251°C and a 90 minute residence time. The activation energies for COD and phenol reduction were both found to be 8.0 kcall.     

The viscoelastic relaxation of cross-linked polymer networks

Summary Theoretical interpretations of the viscoelastic relaxation behavior of cross-linked elastomers are discussed. The dangling chain retracing mechanisms of deGennes and Pearson-Helfand, which assume that the stress contribution of a dangling chain decreases as it assumes successively lower entropy configurations, are replaced by an alternative relaxation mechanism, based on the hopping model of hindered diffusion.     

Counseling psychology in Veterans Affairs medical centers: Perceptions of chiefs of psychology.

Counseling psychology (CP) has attempted to define itself in ways that accurately reflect the specialty, that do not limit its practitioners from working in their domains of competence, and that set it apart from clinical psychology. S. Cleveland (1980) considered the success of this self-definition in a survey on the perception of counseling psychologists by chiefs of psychology services in the Veterans Administration medical centers (VAMCs). He suggested that counseling psychologists were "defecting" to clinical positions in the VAMCs and that some negative bias existed toward CP by some VAMC chiefs. This survey attempts to determine whether the chiefs' attitudes have shifted as CP redefines itself. Results were similar to those found by Cleveland: Negative bias exists but has decreased. In addition, counseling psychologists in the VAMCs have found a variety of positions, expanding their role beyond previous narrow definitions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A High-Frequency Field-Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) Part 1: Design

The design of a high-frequency field-programmable analog array (FPAA) is presented. The FPAA is based on a regular pattern of cells interconnected locally for high frequency performance. No switches of any kind are used in the signal path of a cell: programming of the functions, parameters, and interconnections is achieved solely by modifying cells' bias conditions digitally. Limited global signal interconnections are also available for those application circuits which cannot be mapped onto locally-only interconnected structure. Key circuits of the FPAA have been fabricated in a CPI transistor-array bipolar technology.     

Comparison of several styles of typography in English.

"Five styles of typography—spaced units, vertical, square span, and arrangement of one phrase per line, and conventional—were compared using untrained subjects. This paper reports two fairly independent series of experiments: a series using a tachistoscope presentation, and a series in which the subjects read passages of about 1500 words… . The tachistoscope series suggests that there are advantages to the new arrangements, but the reading series suggests that subjects must be trained to read these new arrangements before the advantage will be fully realized." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4LM62C. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Polymer–leather composites. III. Morphology and water absorptivities of selected acrylic polymer–leather composite materials

The morphology of composite materials made by polymerizing methyl methacrylate into chrome-tanned cattlehide was examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy. The composites were selected from a series previously prepared and characterized, and their kinetics were reported. Micrographs of the polymer phase of the composites, prepared by preferential removal of collageneous material with 6N hydrochloric acid, yielded negative replicas of the fiber conformations. These provided evidence in support of proposed mechanisms of polymer deposition for two different methods of composite preparation. One method involved emulsion polymerization of monomer into hydrated leather and the other, preferentially filling leather free space. Both light and scanning electron microscopy of all composites and replicas revealed poly(methyl methacrylate) deposited largely in coarse aggregates around individual fibers. In emulsion systems, fiber bundles expanded with continuous deposition. No difference was observed in the morphology of bound and deposited polymers. However, high magnification of bound-polymer replicas exposed polymer surrounding some fibril traces. Deposition of polymer in the fine structure of bulk or solution prepared composites was not found; instead, all free space was occupied. A theory specifying polymer location in previous publications of this series, and extended here to define replica parameters, was abundantly supported by measured physical properties. A dominant grafting mechanism was precluded because the large domains limited points of possible attachment. Water absorptivities of emulsion prepared composites and controls were identical when the data were corrected to neat leather, although the rates were slightly perturbed. In contrast, both rate and equilibrium absorption data of the bulk and solution composites were retarded by polymer presence.