Wax compositions from N-allylstearamide and N-allyl hydrogenated tallow amides,by reaction with benzoyl peroxide

When either pure N-allylstearamide or mixed allylamides, made by the aminolysis of hydrogenated tallow, were heated at 90C for 3 hr with benzoyl peroxide, the reaction products were medium-hard, high-melting (ca. 70–80C) waxes of light color suitable for use in polish applications. Hardness increased with increase in benzoyl peroxide, reaching an optimum for 3 to 8 g of peroxide per 100 g amide. Qualitative floor-wear tests on films obtained from paste and emulsion compositions showed the allylamide waxes to be inferior to carnauba and a Fisher-Tropsch wax, but superior to several other synthetic waxes including polyethylene. No special property advantage was found using pure allylsteara-mide. Resistance to oxidation at 90C was good and the waxes emulsified readily. In the reaction of allylstearamide with benzoyl peroxide, polymer formation depends strongly on catalyst concentration (d M/dP=2, compared to 14–50 for allyl esters) and some products of substitution and induced decomposition are formed. Wax properties were related to polyallylstearamide content. E. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div., ARS, USDA     

Teaching Morse-Code reception with signals weighted in frequency according to their difficulty.

An experimental group (N = 19) was trained to receive Morse code with signals that were weighted with respect to frequency of presentation in rough proportion to their order of difficulty for beginners. A control group (N = 19), matched on a code aptitude test performance, was trained with each signal presented an equal number of times. On the test runs, no significant differences were observed in the progress of the two groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Uncertainty in octanol-water partition coefficient: implications for risk assessment and remedial costs

The assessment of human health and ecological risks at chemically contaminated sites often includesthe use of models to assess chemical transport, fate, and exposure/toxicity. These models require input data on a variety of physical and chemical properties for each compound of concern. Small changes in some of these parameters may result in significant differences in estimated human health or ecological risks and in the extent of required remediation efforts. The octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) for hydrophobic organic compounds is one such parameter, particularly because it is often used to estimate additional partitioning and bioaccumulation parameters. Unfortunately, there is considerable variability among tabulated Kow values for many compounds of concern. This paper assesses the implications of using various values of Kow to calculate health-protective polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sediment quality objectives (SQOs) in a case study using a simplified food chain model and the range of Kow values available from or recommended by the U. S. EPA. For the site and Kow values considered in this study, which are a snapshot of values available in the spring of 2004, the SQOs differ by as much as a factor of 5. This range of SQOs is estimated to correspond to a difference in remediation costs of $48 million.     

Polymerizable derivatives of long-chain fatty alcohols. III. Copolymers of some alkyl acrylates and acrylonitrile

Coplymers of acrylonitrile containing 5 to 28 mole % (11 to 70 weight %) of three alkyl acrylates (butyl, octyl, and octadecyl) were prepared in t-butanol solution. The copolymers were capable of being molded at about 300–400°F. under a pressure of about 2,000 p.s.i. The magnitude of both the tensile strength and the characteristic low temperature of the copolymers varied inversely with the weight percentage of the acrylate present without regard to its alkyl type. The copolymers were oriented with an accompanying three-fold increase in the tensile strength. Good resistance to several selected reagents was shown by all the copolymers. This paper was presented, in part, at the fall meeting. American Oil Chemists' Society, New York, October 1960. Eastern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

Altered food preferences after lesions in the basolateral region of the amygdala in the rat.

Studied the food preferences of 52 male hooded Lister and albino Wistar rats. 19 Ss were intact; 33 received bilateral lesions of the basolateral amygdala. Lesioned Ss chose different foods from controls in 10-min food-preference tests. The normal Ss ate primarily familiar chow, while the amygdala-lesioned Ss ate primarily novel foods. The lesioned Ss did not select indiscriminately but showed definite preferences. With repeated testing, the normal Ss' preferences became similar to those of the lesioned Ss. Food-preference tests in a disturbing environment suggested that the difference between the lesioned and control groups was not due to a general alteration in behavior such as fear. Other aspects of ingestive behavior, such as body weight regulation, were not primarily altered by the lesions. The basolateral amygdala may therefore be concerned with the selection of foods on the basis of previous experience. (24 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Zur Statistischen Auswertung des Tetraden-Tests

Zusammenfassung Es ist nicht erforderlich, die in dieser Zeitschrift [1] veröffentlichte Tabelle zur statistischen Auswertung des Tetraden-Tests durch Anwendung der Yates'schen Kontinuitätskorrektur zu korrigieren.

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To the Statistical Interpretation of the Tetrade Test

Summary It ist not necessary to correct the table for the statistical interpretation of the tetrade test, that was published in this journal [1], with the Yates' continuity correction.

     

Fließverhalten granulierter Pulver

An verschiedenen Granulaten aus Karbonyleisen, Zinkmanganferrit, Elektrolytkupfer und Karbonylnickel sowie an Pulvern aus Aluminiumoxyd und Eisen Untersuchung ihrer Fließdauer durch einen Trichter in Abhängigkeit von seinem Düsendurchmesser some Messung des Böschungswinkels des ausgeflossenen Werkstoffes und des Haftwinkels auf Glas und Messing.     

An Evaluation of Dissociated Ammonia and Hydrogen Atmospheres for Sintering Stainless Steel

The effect of sintering types 302, 302B, and 430 stainless steel powder compacts in hydrogen and dissociated ammonia was investigated. It was found that sintering in dissociated ammonia resulted in as much as 0.5 wt pet increase in the nitrogen content of stainless steel even though the dissociation of the gas was complete. Sintering in hydrogen, on the other hand, reduced the nitrogen content of the stainless steel to less than 0.01 wt pet. In the case of the 302-type stainless steel, the low nitrogen content resulted in a material that was largely ferritic, whereas the high nitrogen content rendered the material fully austenitic. Sintering in dissociated ammonia resulted in lower density, generally lower tensile strength, less ductility, and higher hardness than sintering under equivalent conditions in hydrogen. The reduction of oxides on both stainless steel and iron particles was found to be effected by hydrogen partial pressure in the sintering atmosphere. Compacting pressure was found also to effect oxide reduction during sintering.     

Calculation of SANS intensity for polyethylene: effect of varying fold planes and fold plane roughening

The intensity of the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) for polyethylene crystallized in the lamellar habit from the melt at large supercoolings is calculated for μ = 0.01 to μ = 0.14 [$\text{μ = (}\text{4π}\text{λ}\text{)}\text{sin}\text{(}\text{θ}\text{2}\text{)}$]. Computations are made on models which allow various amounts and types of chain folding and varying degrees of ‘tight’ or ‘regular’ folds. The models that fit the SANS data best have folding along lattice planes in which the stem separation is larger than 0.5 nm (5 Å) or which allow for fold plane roughening on a variety of fold planes. the ‘leapfrog’ type folds mentioned by Sadler were also considered, and a possible cause for their existence suggested. As an example, the variable cluster model gives a good account of the SANS data with the surface roughening suggested by nucleation theory with fold planes [110], [200], and [310], or a mixture. Even though the conditions of crystallization used in preparing the SANS specimens (large supercoolings) were conducive to the maximum surface disorder, the probability of ‘tight’ or ‘regular’ folding, p_tf, was found to be ～0.7 for the best models. This corresponds closely to the theoretical lower bound $\text{p}{}_{\mathrm{tf}}\text{=}\text{2}\text{3}$ which is rigorous for the case of non-tiled stems. The probability of strictly adjacent re-entry in a single specified fold plane, p_ar, was ～0.4 to ～0.7 depending on the particular model chosen. The best models fit not only the SANS data, but also the liquid and crystal density, degree of crystallinity, and characteristic ratio (or radius of gyration). None of the models show the density anomaly inherent in the switchboard or random re-entry models of Yoon and Flory.