A convenient synthesis of alkyl-2-(2-imino-4-oxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)acetate derivatives involving an electrogenerated base of acetonitrile

We report a simple method for the synthesis of alkyl-2-(2-imino-4-oxothiazolidin-5-ylidene) acetate derivatives 3 in good yields under mild conditions. The electrogenerated cyanomethyl base (EGB), obtained from electroreduction of acetonitrile-0.1?M TBABF₄, assists the reaction between thiourea derivatives 1 and dialkyl acetylene dicarboxylate 2. The expected products, 3/4, and the structure obtained from X-ray diffraction confirm that the main products are the five-membered heterocycles 3. Furthermore, a mechanism, to explain the reaction pathways, is proposed based on the thermodynamic and kinetic data obtained from quantum calculations.     

Assessing groundwater contamination risk using the DASTI/IDRISI GIS method: coastal system of western Mamora, Morocco

In this study, the DASTI method was used to evaluate vulnerability to groundwater pollution in the vicinity of Rabat, western Morocco. The model is based on the characterization of five intrinsic parameters: unsaturated zone thickness, saturated zone thickness and lithology, soil texture, topography and hydraulic gradient. A system of classes of the hydrogeological characteristics was applied to evaluate relative vulnerability to groundwater contamination and a susceptibility map was prepared based on land use and the vulnerability index map. The study showed the DASTI method (applied using IDRISI software) can serve as a tool to evaluate vulnerability to pollution and thus facilitate programs to protect groundwater resources. An erratum to this article can be found at     

建筑消防工程实行监理制度之我见

建筑消防工程关系到建筑安全的重要方面 ,随着建筑规模的扩大 ,建筑消防工程的迅猛发展 ,消防系统数量的增加和系统本身的日益复杂 ,实行消防工程监理制度呼声日高 ,笔者就消防工程监理 ,结合工作实践 ,谈谈自己的一些看法 ,并就相关问题试作探讨 ,望能引起有关方面重视 ,加快实行监理的进程。1　实行监理的必要性1.1　消防工程动态监督的需要。消防工程由设计人员根据国家有关规范设计 ,交施工单位施工 ,由消防部门进行验收。由于设计、施工工作的失误 ,致使一些问题无法及时发现 ,形成先天性隐患 ,无法整改 ,近几年来的多起特大火灾暴露了…     

The affordability of “affordable” housing in England: conditionality and exclusion in a context of welfare reform

Abstract

Contemporary debates around affordability have largely focused on homeownership and private renting. This article considers the affordable social rented sector in England, in which reforms to social welfare assistance, reduced security of tenure, and a shift towards mid-market rents, are changing access to ‘affordable’ housing for those on the lowest incomes. Drawing on in-depth interviews with housing associations and stakeholders, the article highlights the increasing use of affordability assessments for prospective tenants. These assessments interact with mid-market rental products to increase the potential for exclusion from affordable housing on the grounds of ability to pay. This conditionality is applied not only at the point of tenancy access, but also at renewal of fixed-term tenancies. The research highlights that the combination of welfare and housing policies, in the context of a financialising housing association sector, has the potential to erode access to social housing for those who are perceived as a financial risk, reshaping the focus of social housing.     

真空相变散热器

本文指出了传统钢制散热器的缺点并详细介绍了新型真空相变散热器的结构和工作原理，从而证实了此种散热器的优越性，这对于推进小型燃气锅炉供热系统的广泛应用具有十分重要的意义。     

玻璃钢覆面木胶合板模板

本文探讨了以酚醛树脂胶马尾松胶合板为基材，表面用玻璃钢覆面改善面板理化性能和提高板材力学性能的生产方法，并检测了板材的静曲强度，弹性模量，表面耐磨性和耐水性能，结果表明，玻璃钢覆面后的马尾松胶合板模板的表面理化性能和力学性能得到了显著的提高。有利于作为混凝土模板使用。     

沉桩挤土效应的参变量有限元分析

参变量有限元法是一种特别适合于岩土类非线性材料数值计算的新方法。应用圆柱形空腔体扩张理论模拟沉桩挤土效应,考虑土体服从Tresca和Drucker-Prager准则的理想弹塑性本构模型,编制了轴对称应变的参变量有限元程序,对圆柱形孔的内壁位移、桩周土体的应力场、位移场进行了计算分析,并与解析解和ANSYS的解作对比,计算结果表明用参变量有限元法分析沉桩挤土效应是有效的和可行的。     

考虑单侧翼缘受载腹板屈曲的不锈钢钢管设计

本文给出了冷成型不锈钢方钢管和矩形钢管在腹板屈曲时的设计公式。研究了两种单翼缘加载的情况,一种是端部单翼缘加载,另一种是内部单翼缘加载,此外还研究了内部加载的情况。采用屈服线理论预测了不锈钢管截面的腹板屈曲强度。屈服线理论模型是在试验中观察到的破坏模式的基础上发展起来的。在屈服线模型基础上采用不同的假定,给出了计算冷成型不锈钢方钢管和矩形钢管的腹板屈曲强度的三种设计方法。其中两种腹板屈曲设计方法是完全采用屈服线分析理论推导出来的,另外一种设计方法是综合理论分析和经验分析得到的。将试验得到的腹板屈曲强度和这三种设计方法得到的屈曲强度进行了对比。结果表明采用纯理论推导得到的设计方法计算得到的腹板屈曲设计强度偏于保守,而综合了理论分析和经验分析得到的设计方法其计算的腹板屈曲设计强度值比较合理,可以用于单翼缘受载时冷成型不锈钢管的设计。     

Aluminum alloy tubular columns—Part I: Finite element modeling and test verification

A numerical investigation on fixed-ended aluminum alloy tubular columns of square and rectangular hollow sections is described in this paper. The fixed-ended column tests were conducted that included columns with both ends transversely welded to aluminum end plates using the tungsten inert gas welding method, and columns without welding of end plates. The specimens were extruded from aluminum alloy of 6061-T6 and 6063-T5. The failure modes included local buckling, flexural buckling, interaction of local and flexural buckling, as well as failure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). An accurate finite element model (FEM) was developed. The initial local and overall geometric imperfections were incorporated in the model. The non-welded and welded material nonlinearities were considered in the analysis. The welded columns were modeled having different HAZ extension at the ends of the column of 25 and 30 mm. The nonlinear FEM was verified against experimental results. It is shown that the calibrated model provides accurate predictions of the experimental loads and failure modes of the tested columns. The load-shortening curves predicted by the finite element analysis are also compared with the test results.     

Evaluation of alternative sludge settleability indices

Proposed modifications of the standard sludge volume index (SVI) to eliminate its unpredictable variation with suspended solids (SS) concentration include stirring, conduct of the test at constant SS concentration, and dilution. We have tested these modifications by making correlations between the respective indices and the content of filamentous organisms in activated sludge expressed in terms of total extended filament length. The results indicate that diluted SVI is the best index of sludge settleability among those tested. Correlation of diluted SVI with specific functional relationships between settling velocity and SS concentration would enable the application of this parameter to prediction of thickening capacity in secondary clarifiers.