The dynamics of the erbium doped fiber laser is analysed both experimentally and theoretically. This laser operates spontaneously in self-pulsing, in sinusoidal or in CW regime. Experiments have allowed to determine the control parameters : the cavity losses, the pumping rate and the ion pairs concentration. An antiphase dynamics is observed when the laser operates simultaneously at 1.55 µn and 1.536 µm. The self-pulsing behavior is attributed to a fast energy transfer which occurs between two neighboring ions (pair induced quenching). A simple model considering the active medium as a mixture of isolated ions and ions pairs is developped and leads to a good qualitative agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - Histogram-based metrics extracted from diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) have been suggested as potential biomarkers for cerebral small... 相似文献
We present a comprehensive review of the evolutionary design of neural network architectures. This work is motivated by the fact that the success of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) highly depends on its architecture and among many approaches Evolutionary Computation, which is a set of global-search methods inspired by biological evolution has been proved to be an efficient approach for optimizing neural network structures. Initial attempts for automating architecture design by applying evolutionary approaches start in the late 1980s and have attracted significant interest until today. In this context, we examined the historical progress and analyzed all relevant scientific papers with a special emphasis on how evolutionary computation techniques were adopted and various encoding strategies proposed. We summarized key aspects of methodology, discussed common challenges, and investigated the works in chronological order by dividing the entire timeframe into three periods. The first period covers early works focusing on the optimization of simple ANN architectures with a variety of solutions proposed on chromosome representation. In the second period, the rise of more powerful methods and hybrid approaches were surveyed. In parallel with the recent advances, the last period covers the Deep Learning Era, in which research direction is shifted towards configuring advanced models of deep neural networks. Finally, we propose open problems for future research in the field of neural architecture search and provide insights for fully automated machine learning. Our aim is to provide a complete reference of works in this subject and guide researchers towards promising directions.
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) devices enable to separate nanometer to micrometer‐sized particles around a cutoff diameter, during their transport through a microfluidic channel with slanted rows of pillars. In order to design appropriate DLD geometries for specific separation sizes, robust models are required to anticipate the value of the cutoff diameter. So far, the proposed models result in a single cutoff diameter for a given DLD geometry. This paper shows that the cutoff diameter actually varies along the DLD channel, especially in narrow pillar arrays. Experimental and numerical results reveal that the variation of the cutoff diameter is induced by boundary effects at the channel side walls, called the wall effect. The wall effect generates unexpected particle trajectories that may compromise the separation efficiency. In order to anticipate the wall effect when designing DLD devices, a predictive model is proposed in this work and has been validated experimentally. In addition to the usual geometrical parameters, a new parameter, the number of pillars in the channel cross dimension, is considered in this model to investigate its influence on the particle trajectories. 相似文献
In this paper, we propose two dynamic lead-time quotation policies in an M/GI/1 type make-to-stock queueing system serving lead-time sensitive customers with a single type of product. Incorporating non-exponential service times in an exact method for make-to-stock queues is usually deemed difficult. Our analysis of the proposed policies is exact and requires the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform of the sojourn time of an order to be placed. The first policy assures that the long-run probability of delivering the product within the quoted lead-time is the same for all backlogged customers. The second policy is a refinement of the first which improves the profitability if customers are oversensitive to even short delays in delivery. Numerical results show that both policies perform close to the optimal policy that was characterized only for exponential service times. The new insight gained is that the worsening impact of the production time variability, which is felt significantly in systems accepting all customers by quoting zero lead times, decreases when dynamic lead-time quotation policies are employed. 相似文献