Semantic word shifts in a scientific domain

Understanding semantic word shifts in scientific domains is essential for facilitating interdisciplinary communication. Using a data set of published papers in the field of information retrieval (IR), this paper studies the semantic shifts of words in IR based on mining per-word topic distribution over time. We propose that semantic word shifts not only occur over time, but also over topics. The shifts are examined from two perspectives, the topic-level and the context-level. According to the over-time word-topic distribution, stable words and unstable words are recognized. The diverging and converging trends in the unstable type reveal characteristics of the topic evolution process. The context-level shifts are further detected by similarities between word vectors. Our work associates semantic word shifts with the evolving of topics, which facilitates a better understanding of semantic word shifts from both topics and contexts.     

Do funded papers attract more usage?

Research funding has been seen as one of the most important resource in the reward system of science. And usage of publications denotes an interesting perspective of user behavior in scientific communication. This study aims to address the relationship between funding and Usage Count, which is a new metrics item established on the platform of Web of Science. Full records of 300,010 articles published in 2013 were downloaded in October 2015, and divided into six disciplines, including information science library science, education educational research, economics, computer science, materials science, and chemistry. Seven indicators were proposed to measure the impact, including Funding rate, Citation per paper, Usage rate, Usage per paper, Citation difference, Usage difference, and Conversion rate. It concluded funding has impact on usage and citation, and funded papers attract more usage, but varying in different disciplines. Usage Count can be used in the extension of citation metrics but with limits. This study originally engages with usage metrics and detected that there is positive correlation between usage and funding.     

咖啡渣活性炭的制备、表征及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机制研究

以碘吸附值为评价指标，活化时间、活化温度和浸渍比为影响因素，采用响应面法试验设计对磷酸活化法制备咖啡渣活性炭的工艺条件进行优化，并通过静态吸附试验研究了不同吸附时间、溶液pH值和吸附温度条件下，活性炭对水溶液中Cr（Ⅵ）吸附性能的影响，最后利用Langmuir、Freundlich吸附等温方程、准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程和颗粒内部扩散方程进行拟合。试验结果表明，制备咖啡渣活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化时间1 h、活化温度498℃、浸渍比1.72；在此条件下活性炭得率为30.4%，碘吸附值为（799±16）mg/g，比表面积为1 006 m²/g，孔容为0.779 cm³/g、微孔孔容为0.051 cm³/g、平均孔径为3.088 nm。较低pH值和较高温度能够促进活性炭对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附；Langmuir等温方程能够更好地描述活性炭对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附效果；活性炭对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附分3个阶段：快速吸附阶段、慢速吸附阶段和吸附平衡阶段，10 min内可完成吸附总量的79%，360 min内达到吸附平衡，该吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学方程。分析表明咖啡渣活性炭对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附主要为单分子层的化学吸附。     

A multi-criteria context-sensitive approach for social image collection summarization

Recent increase in the number of digital photos in the content sharing and social networking websites has created an endless demand for techniques to analyze, navigate, and summarize these images. In this paper, we focus on image collection summarization. Earlier methods in image collection summarization consider representativeness and diversity criteria while recent ones also consider other criteria such as image quality, aesthetic or appeal. In this paper, we propose a multi-criteria context-sensitive approach for social image collection summarization. In the proposed method, two different sets of features are combined while each one looks at different criteria for image collection summarization: social attractiveness features and semantic features. The first feature set considers different aspects that make an image appealing such as image quality, aesthetic, and emotion to create attractiveness score for input images while the second one covers semantic content of images and assigns semantic score to them. We use social network infrastructure to identify attractiveness features and domain ontology for extracting ontology features. The final summarization is provided by integrating the attractiveness and semantic features of input images. The experimental results on a collection of human generated summaries on a set of Flickr images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed image collection summarization approach.     

基于热电效应的高效环控系统

部分空间科学实验对环境温度有较高的要求，环境温度高于或低于空间科学系统能够提供的热沉温度，需要有可靠有效的加温降温处理措施。使用可靠性强的热电制冷片作为制冷制热方式和气液换热器二次换热来实现环境温度控制的需求，并对不同流体温度制冷制热效果进行分析，结果表明流体温度和目标温度差越小，热电制冷制热的效果越好。在环境温度制冷工况中，热电单元数量随电流增加先减少后增加，在制热工况中则单调递减，设计中需按照制冷工况进行热电单元数量的确定。当流体温度接近制冷制热的目标温度时，会出现整个系统总效率优于热电系统效率的区间。通过对热电单元和气液换热器的组合系统的性能计算，提供一种适于热电环控系统的计算方法和部件选型思路，对空间站环控系统的设计有重要参考意义。     

Headspace fingerprinting approach to identify the major pathway influencing volatile patterns of vinasse-cured duck processed by high pressure,as well as its impact on physicochemical and sensory attributes

As a decisive attribute, flavour could be influenced by HP treatments through multiple physical and chemical pathways within the high pressure (HP)-assisted meat curing process. This investigation aimed to identify the major pathway influencing volatile flavour patterns of two representative vinasse-cured duck (VCD) products with HP treatments (150–300 MPa/15 min), including wet and dry types, by employing headspace fingerprinting as an untargeted approach. Results suggested that HP treatments greatly lowered moisture contents and increased Warner-Bratzler shear force and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of the cured samples. According to multivariate models, the volatile flavour patterns of the HP-processed VCD could be clearly separated from the unprocessed samples, but the VCD pressurised at different intensities represented similar volatile fingerprinting, which was validated by e-nose analysis. The discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model outlined vinasse-derived ethanol, acetic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, phenethyl alcohol and 2-methyl-3-octanone as the major discriminant aromas across the unpressurised and pressurised samples.     

模铸用高铝质流钢砖的显微结构分析

选取市场上模铸用高铝质流钢砖与用后残砖作为研究对象,通过检测不同高铝质流钢砖的理化性能,对比其使用前后的显微结构变化,进一步探讨模铸过程中高铝质流钢砖的显微结构对钢铁产品质量的影响。结果表明:由于显气孔率较大、结构比较疏松、烧结不致密等特性,高铝质流钢砖在经受钢水冲刷时,钢水容易渗透至高铝质流钢砖内部,加速其损毁;其次,高铝质流钢砖与钢水发生物理化学反应后在其表面生成低熔点物,使钢水中产生夹杂物,影响钢铁产品的质量。     

Efficient PL Emission from p-type Porous Silicon: A Comparative Study for Selection of Effective Anodization Parameters

The physical mechanism of highly efficient photoluminescence (PL) emission from p-type silicon is described by a comparative study of the effectiveness of the etching parameters in an electrochemical anodization technique. Two series of porous silicon samples were prepared in a combination of anodization current and time, to maintain the total amount of anodic charge transfer constant. Photoluminescence studies show that irrespective of the amount of charge transfer, the samples prepared with comparatively higher current density show an efficient PL as well as stronger blueshift in the emission energy vis-à-vis the samples prepared for longer durations. An overall decrease in crystallite size, as estimated by Raman spectral analysis, was observed for both series of samples with the progress of charge transfer. Comparative analysis shows a marginal difference in crystallite size for both series of samples in the initial state of charge transfer, whereas major differences arise at higher values. This is explained with the formation of silicon suboxide on the porous surface at higher current density, leading to initiation of side wall reaction, and higher reduction rate in crystallite size as well as strong luminescence due to the carrier quantum confinement effect.