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991.
Díez M Simón M Dorronsoro C García I Martín F 《The Science of the total environment》2007,378(1-2):5-12
The arsenic content in the province of Granada (SE Spain) was quantified, based on 93 soils at two different depths and their corresponding parent materials. The arsenic concentrations fit a log-normal distribution. Four different statistical procedures to estimate the arsenic background range in the region were tested. Upper background limits clearly exceeded limits reported for natural soils when based on the Tukey box plot or means and standard deviations of the dataset (M+/-2sdev) or of the calculated distribution function (Mf+/-2sigma) but not when based on median values (Md+/-2MAD). The relative cumulative frequency curve not only adequately estimates the background range but also delivers a clear and detailed visualisation of the data distribution and identifies subpopulations with specific background ranges related to combinations of parent materials and degree of soil development. 相似文献
992.
The rate of soil erosion in pine forests (Pinus halepensis) located in the Southeast of Madrid has been estimated using dendrochronological analysis based on the change in ring-growth pattern from concentric to eccentric when the root is exposed. Using 49 roots spread across five inclined areas, it has been found that the length and direction of the hillsides, as well as their vegetation cover affect the rate of erosion, while the slope itself does not. The erosion rates found for the different areas studied vary between 3.5 and 8.8 mm year(-1), that is between 40 and 101 t ha(-1) year(-1) respectively. These values are between 2 and 3 times greater than those predicted by USLE, for which this equation underestimates soil loss for Central Spain's Mediterranean conditions. Nonetheless, both methods (using dendrochronology to determine actual soil loss and theoretical prediction with USLE) are able to establish the same significant differences among the areas studied, allowing for the comparative estimate of the severity of the area's erosion problem. 相似文献
993.
Martin MD Benton T Bernardo M Woods JS Townes BD Luis H Leitão J Rosenbaum G Castro-Caldas A Pavão I Rue T DeRouen TA 《The Science of the total environment》2007,377(2-3):159-164
Associations between childhood lead exposures and dental caries in children have been reported for over 30 years, with widely varying findings and conclusions, and using measures of lead exposure which ranged from food sources and water to tooth, hair or blood lead concentrations. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship of lead exposure and dental caries in a population of normatively healthy children. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used a population of 507 children aged 8-12 who were participating in a clinical trial of dental materials to examine the relationship between lead and caries. Blood lead concentrations and dental caries were examined for association in both primary and permanent teeth. Because it is possible that neurobehavioral status could be associated with both lead exposure and dental caries prevalence, we also examined neurobehavioral status of the subjects. RESULTS: A gender-specific association (males only) between lead exposure and dental caries was found in primary teeth only. Neurobehavioral measures and IQ were not associated with caries status in this population. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not support neurobehavioral status as mediating any association between lead exposure and caries in a normatively healthy population. A gender-specific association between lead and caries not previously reported was found in primary teeth, and no biological explanation for this has been suggested. We conclude that this study provides only weak evidence, if any, for an association of low-level lead exposure with dental caries. 相似文献
994.
995.
Clio Azina Tim Bartsch Damian M. Holzapfel Martin Dahlqvist Johanna Rosen Lukas Löfler Alba San Jose Mendez Marcus Hans Daniel Primetzhofer Jochen M. Schneider 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2023,106(4):2652-2665
Herein we report on the synthesis of a metastable (Cr,Y)2AlC MAX phase solid solution by co-sputtering from a composite Cr–Al–C and elemental Y target, at room temperature, followed by annealing. However, direct high-temperature synthesis resulted in multiphase films, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction analyses, room-temperature depositions, followed by annealing to 760°C led to the formation of phase pure (Cr,Y)2AlC by diffusion. Higher annealing temperatures caused a decomposition of the metastable phase into Cr2AlC, Y5Al3, and Cr-carbides. In contrast to pure Cr2AlC, the Y-containing phase crystallizes directly in the MAX phase structure instead of first forming a disordered solid solution. Furthermore, the crystallization temperature was shown to be Y-content dependent and was increased by ∼200°C for 5 at.% Y compared to Cr2AlC. Calculations predicting the metastable phase formation of (Cr,Y)2AlC and its decomposition are in excellent agreement with the experimental findings. 相似文献
996.
Israel Sifuentes-Nieves Jose F. Hernandez-Gamez Pamela C. Flores-Silva Pablo Gonzalez-Morones Roberto Yáñez-Macías Eduardo Ramirez-Vargas Ernesto Hernández-Hernández 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2023,140(4):e53354
This study aims to investigate changes in the structural properties of alkali/acid-ultrasound modified Agave fibers and their performance immersed on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix with plasticizer during melt mixing processing. Structural analysis revealed that ultrasound enhances the effectiveness of the conventional alkaline/acid treatments to modify fibers since the simultaneous treatment increased the partial removal of lignocellulosic components, water molecules, and amorphous regions which improved their processability on a PVA matrix. Specific energy consumption values indicated that during melt mixing the modified fibers required more energy to expose the chains of cellulose fraction to function as an interaction site for PVA chains. Once the mixture was homogenized, the fiber-matrix interactions promoted high viscosity, friction, and mechanical stress in the chamber. Therefore, the modified fibers restricted the interaction between plasticizer and PVA in the obtained films, resulting in a highly structured, and reinforced network, increasing the storage modulus as dynamic mechanical analysis indicated. These findings highlight a feasible way to valorize Agave fibers and allow the understanding of the matrix-fiber interactions during melt mixing processing, useful to predict the structural and mechanical properties of the films. 相似文献
997.
T. Fernández-García M. E. Martín A. Casp 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1998,206(6):414-416
Pacharán is a traditional drink from Navarra (Spain). This liqueur is obtained by maceration of sloe berries (Prunus spinosa L.) with aqueous ethanol and subsequent addition of sugar and essential oils of anise (Pimpinella anisum L. or Illicium verum H.). The following volatile components of pacharán were identified and quantified: cis-anethol; trans-anethol; anisaldehyde; benzaldehyde; benzyl alcohol; γ-butyrolactone; 1,1-diethoxyethane; ethyl benzoate; ethyl lactate;
diethyl malate (hydroxybutanedioic acid diethyl ester); estragol (methyl chavicol); eugenol [2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-phenol];
2-furaldehyde; linalool; cis-3-hexen-1-ol; (4-methoxyphenyl)propanone; 2-phenylethanol and vanillin.
Received: 3 November 1997 / Revised version: 29 December 1997 相似文献
998.
A.?IguazEmail author M.?B.?San Martín C.?Arroqui T.?Fernández J.?I.?Maté P.?Vírseda 《European Food Research and Technology》2003,217(3):224-229
Bulk density, specific heat capacity, bulk thermal conductivity and bulk thermal diffusivity of medium-grain rough rice (LIDO cultivar) have been studied. Specific heat was determined by DSC, thermal conductivity by the probe method and bulk thermal conductivity indirectly from bulk density, specific heat capacity and bulk thermal conductivity. All the thermal properties have been determined at different moisture contents and temperatures used during cooling and storage operations and the effect of these variables has been investigated. It has been shown that moisture content has the greatest effect on specific heat and bulk thermal conductivity. Temperature also affected these thermal properties, but to a smaller extent. Mathematical expressions have been developed to determine each of these thermophysical properties as a function of moisture content and temperature.List of Abbreviations and Symbols Cp Specific heat capacity (kJ/kg °C) - k Bulk thermal conductivity (W/m °C) - T Temperature (ºC) - W Moisture content (%, d.b.) - Bulk thermal diffusivity (m2/s) - Bulk density (kg/m3) 相似文献
999.
Mosqueda-Melgar J Raybaudi-Massilia RM Martín-Belloso O 《International journal of food microbiology》2007,117(2):192-200
Consumption of unpasteurized melon and watermelon juices has caused several disease outbreaks by pathogenic microorganisms worldwide. Pulsed electric field (PEF) has been recognized as a technology that may inactivate those bacteria present in fluid food products at low temperatures. Hence, PEF treatment at 35 kV/cm, 4 mus pulse duration in bipolar mode and square shape were applied on Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli and L. monocytogenes populations inoculated in melon and watermelon juices without exceeding 40 degrees C outlet temperatures. Different levels of treatment time and pulse frequency were applied to evaluate their effects on these microorganisms. Treatment time was more influential than pulse frequency (P=0.05) on the PEF microbial reduction levels for both melon and watermelon juices. Populations of S. Enteritidis, E. coli and L. monocytogenes were experimentally reduced and validated in a single process up to 3.71+/-0.17, 3.7+/-0.3 and 3.56+/-0.26 log(10) units, respectively, in melon juice when 1440 micros and 217 Hz were used; whereas reductions up to 3.56+/-0.12, 3.6+/-0.4 and 3.41+/-0.13 log(10) units of those microorganisms, respectively, were reached in watermelon juice treated for 1727 micros at 188 Hz. Although PEF treatment reduced the populations of the three microorganisms, L. monocytogenes was more resistant to PEF than S. Enteritidis and E. coli in both juices when treated at the same processing conditions. 相似文献
1000.
J. L. Guil-Guerrero C. Martínez-Guirado Ma del Mar Rebolloso-Fuentes A. Carrique-Pérez 《European Food Research and Technology》2006,224(1):1-9
The nutritional composition of 10 pepper varieties collected from greenhouses in Almería (Spain), and unanalyzed until now, was determined. The analyzed principles included: Moisture, crude protein, available carbohydrates, lipids, dietary fiber, ashes, energy value, Vitamin C, fatty acids, carotenoids, minerals, nitrate and oxalic acid. The output of the analyses showed higher Vitamin C and carotenoid amounts in these pepper varieties than in conventional ones.The antioxidative capacity of the extracts, evaluated both with the β-carotene breaching and the 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl (DPPH·) radical scavenging methods, has shown that the antioxidant activity of the extracts of some varieties was comparable with those of the commercial antioxidants used with comparative purposes. 相似文献