西北地区水资源现状与可持续利用对策的探讨

中国的水资源问题在西北地区尤为突出.西北地区生态环境脆弱,资源丰富,如何在发展经济的同时实现人与自然的和谐共处,已成为人们日益关心的话题.随着国家西部大开发战略的进一步推进,特别是实施西部大开发的近五年,切实采取有效措施以实现西部地区水资源的可持续利用,已经逐渐成为人们的共识.从分析西北地区水资源现状入手,根据西北地区水资源的特点,提出西北地区水资源可持续利用的对策①加大地下水资源勘查力度,查清水资源储量;②综合利用,科学规划,加强水资源的合理配置与调控;③开源与节流并举,尤其要重视节流;④充分利用天然地下库容调蓄水资源;⑤完善相关法律和法规的建设,强化监督管理加强和完善水资源法规建设,建立健全水资源管理体系.通过以上措施的实施将有利于解决西北地区水资源的严重短缺问题.     

Restraining the associations of anthracene fluorophore by chemically linking to poly(methyl methacrylate)

Associations (dimer or aggregate) of anthracene (An) fluorophores tend to interrupt the monomer emission and reduce the quantum yield (Φ_PL); therefore, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chain was used in this study to chemically link to anthracene and to block the mutual associations among the anthracene fluorophores. With this aim, the target polymers were prepared by anionic polymerizations with 9,10‐dibromoanthracene/s‐butyllithium as initiating system to proceed polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) directly or in the presence of 1,1‐diphenylethylene (DPE). Use of DPE before addition of MMA produces stable initiating anionic species and avoids potential side reactions during polymerization; however, it also introduces four β‐phenylene rings around the central anthracene ring, which interfere with the corresponding emission pattern and reduce the Φ_PL (32%) value due to potential interactions between phenylene rings and anthracene. On the contrast, polymerization without participation of DPE results in polymer with central anthracene ring directly connected to two PMMA chains, which gives clean vibronic emission pattern with limited association emissions and enhanced Φ_PL (52%) value. Physical blending of anthracene by PMMA is less efficient to restrain the associations and results in a film of lower Φ_PL (20%). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Synthesis of polyurethane resins and its improvement on dimensional stability and finishing performances of medium‐ and small‐diameter softwoods

This study analyzed the effects of polyurethane (PU) resin treatments on surface homogeneity, dimensional stability, and finishing performances of medium‐ and small‐diameter softwoods produced in Taiwan. Two‐pack PU resins were prepared by combing short castor oil‐modified alkyd resin serving as a polyol with polymeric 4,4′‐diphenymethane diisocyanate (PMDI) serving as a hardener, by the molar ratio of NCO/OH+COOH of 1.2. Four types of short oil‐modified alkyd resins with different polyhydric alcohols (glycerin and pentaerythritol) and polybasic acids (phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid) were synthesized. Three kinds of medium‐ and small‐diameter softwoods, including China fir, Taiwanina, and Japanese fir with a diameter of 10–15 cm were obtained from Hui‐Sun Forest Station, Taiwan. The wood coating of nitrocellulose (NC) lacquer including sanding sealer and top clear was used. Results show that the surface hardness, homogeneity, moisture excluding efficiency, and antiswelling efficiency of woods were enhanced by PU resin treatments. Among all the PU resins, the isophthalic acid and pentaerythritol‐containing PU resin (IPA‐P‐MDI) achieved the best improved efficiency on dimensional stability of woods. Results of two types of finishing procedure, i.e. NC lacquer sanding sealer plus top clear and top clear only, applied onto the PU‐treated woods revealed that the hardness, adhesion, and durability of NC lacquer films on the PU‐treated wood were superior to those of untreated one, especially for top clear finishing alone. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

T梁预制中需要注意的问题

为确保在T梁预制时 ,其内、外的质量和安全施工 ,介绍了四个需特别注意的问题。指出在T梁预制时 ,应把质量放在首位 ,进行具体、综合的分析和计算     

TbFe磁性薄膜的磁力显微镜成像研究

利用磁力显微镜（MFM）对TbFe磁性薄膜进行了不同抬举距离（分别为60～780nm）的磁力成像研究．在实验中，比较了低抬举距离（100nm以下）磁力像中样品-针尖的互相干扰；同时发现在高抬举距离磁力像中，随着抬举距离的增大，出现了与高凸起形貌对应的图像衬度特征，并随抬举距离的变化也改变着位置与强度，一直到抬举距离为仪器的极限值780nm时，形貌干扰仍未消失，对其形成机制进行了分析．     

Self-assembly of highly oriented palladium-based nanowires on mica surface

The self-assembly of various nanostructures is recently attracting a great deal of research attention. In this paper, we demonstrate that a palladium chloride aqueous solution, mixed with a proper ammonia solution, can produce Tetra-amminepalladous chloride (Pd(NH₃)₄Cl₂·H₂O) nanowires. These nanowires can spontaneously form the two-dimensional hexagon-oriented Pd(NH₃)₄Cl₂·H₂O arrays on mica surfaces. We can control the length and height of these nanowires by adjusting their deposit time on the mica substrate. This method can be potentially used in making sensors or in making templates to wire and position nanodevices.     

高能球磨FeCo+MnO的结构与磁性研究

用高能球磨采用两种方案制备了FeCo MnO体系,并用X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计对其结构和磁性质做了分析.发现采用直接氧化Mn而得到MnO的方法,所得体系的MnO较纯;而通过分解MnCO3得到MnO的体系,MnO纯度较低,有较多Mn3O4杂质,两种方法制备的FeCo MnO体系的矫顽力和剩磁比都比单纯FeCo体系的增加很多,且前一种方法比后一种方法制备的FeCo MnO体系的矫顽力和剩磁比较大.然后研究了球磨时间及退火处理对FeCo MnO体系矫顽力及剩磁比的影响,发现球磨时间为120h体系的矫顽力和剩磁比最大;经过退火处理后,体系的矫顽力和剩磁比都有较大幅度的增加.     

尾气石蜡吸收工艺的改进

浸出车间尾气石蜡吸收系统吸收效果的好坏是影响溶剂消耗的主要原因，通过对改进前后两种尾气石蜡吸收工艺的对比、分析，并根据在油厂中的实际使用，证明改进后的工艺能显著降低浸出车间的溶剂消耗，值得在油厂推广应用。     

一种基于中心矩特征的SAR图像目标识别方法

合成孔径雷达自动目标识别是目前国内外模式识别领域的重点研究课题之一.本文给出了一种内存需求小,低计算复杂度且具有较好识别性能的SAR图像目标识别方法,先通过自适应阈值分割来获得目标图像,然后提取其中心矩特征,采用SVM来进行识别.基于美国MSTAR实测数据的识别试验验证了该方法的有效性.     

低密水泥浆在塔里木油田深井超深井中的应用

塔里木油田深井超深井漏失性地层的固井特点是，井深一般在5000m以上，油层套管固井环空间隙小，封固段长。为解决其固井问题，室内对低密度水泥浆进行了研究。经对减轻以及对低密度水泥配方的优选，得到2套低密度水泥浆配方，（1）中高温；低密度G级水泥；DiaceL－D为100：35－100：45；悬池剂D149，缓凝剂D081，降失水剂D158，减阻剂D80A,消泡剂D047；（2）高温；低密度G级水泥：DiaceL－D为100：35－100：45，悬浮剂OMEX－51S，缓凝剂HR－13L，降失水剂DiaceL－FL（液），消泡剂CDF－901或NF－4，实验表明，在不岂温度下，2套配方的沉降稳定性能都过关，且悬浮剂用量不大；温度由80℃上升到125℃时，不限水质配浆，水泥浆的稠化，流变和失水性能均好，现场2口井的ψ177.8mm尾管固井应用表明，该低密度水泥浆体秒适合塔里木油田深的窄环窄隙，长裸眼段固井。