高灵敏度荧光显微镜及其在细胞光敏效应研究中的应用

研制了一种可探测极微弱细胞荧光图象的高灵敏度荧光显微镜，在仪器中使用了一个高质量的亮度增益为５０，０００的象增强器对细胞的荧光图象进行光能量放大，因而这种荧光显微镜可探测到普通荧光显微镜不能观察的微弱荧光图象。由于仪器中光源的输出强度很小，避免了长时间观察对活细胞的光损伤，并可观察到荧光效率低的荧光物质的分布图象。探测系统中用计算机采集图象数据，同时对数据进行必要处理，以提高图象的质量。这种高灵敏度的荧光显微镜可用于分析细胞中荧光物质的分布，以及细胞动态生理过程的研究。使用此仪器已直接观察到光敏竹红菌甲素在Ｈｅｌａ细胞（人体宫颈癌细胞）中的分布，细胞受光照射后的光损伤现象及加入三种细胞保护剂后获得不同程度保护的细胞状态。     

Frequency Dependence of Fatigue Life and Internal Heating of a Fiber-Reinforced/Ceramic-Matrix Composite

The influence of loading frequency on the fatigue life and internal (frictional) heating of unidirectional SiC-fiber/ calcium aluminosilicate-matrix composites was investigated at room temperature. Specimens were subjected to tension–tension fatigue at sinusoidal loading frequencies from 25 to 350 Hz and maximum fatigue stresses of 180 to 240 MPa. The key findings of the study were that (1) fatigue life decreased sharply as the loading frequency was increased, (2) for all loading frequencies, fatigue failures occurred at stress levels that were significantly below the monotonic proportional limit stress of ∼285 MPa, and (3) pronounced internal heating occurred during fatigue, with the surface temperature of the fatigue specimens increasing by 160 K during 350-Hz fatigue at a peak stress of 240 MPa.     

网络考试分析系统设计研究

对目前常见网络考试分析系统的功能和特点进行了对比分析,然后提出改进方案,建立相应的系统模型,并明确作为检验网络教学效果的重要手段之一,设计一套完善的测试结果分析工具是非常必要的。     

大碎石柔性基层沥青性能分析

用沥青大碎石柔性基层对旧路面进行补强，可以有效地提高路面的使用性能，减少反射裂缝的产生，延长道路的使用寿命。对沥青大碎石柔性基层用加德士AH-70、SBS改性沥青和MAC改性沥青分别进行试验，通过试验结果和经济性能对比分析，找到适合此结构的最佳沥青。     

Kernel-based least squares policy iteration for reinforcement learning.

In this paper, we present a kernel-based least squares policy iteration (KLSPI) algorithm for reinforcement learning (RL) in large or continuous state spaces, which can be used to realize adaptive feedback control of uncertain dynamic systems. By using KLSPI, near-optimal control policies can be obtained without much a priori knowledge on dynamic models of control plants. In KLSPI, Mercer kernels are used in the policy evaluation of a policy iteration process, where a new kernel-based least squares temporal-difference algorithm called KLSTD-Q is proposed for efficient policy evaluation. To keep the sparsity and improve the generalization ability of KLSTD-Q solutions, a kernel sparsification procedure based on approximate linear dependency (ALD) is performed. Compared to the previous works on approximate RL methods, KLSPI makes two progresses to eliminate the main difficulties of existing results. One is the better convergence and (near) optimality guarantee by using the KLSTD-Q algorithm for policy evaluation with high precision. The other is the automatic feature selection using the ALD-based kernel sparsification. Therefore, the KLSPI algorithm provides a general RL method with generalization performance and convergence guarantee for large-scale Markov decision problems (MDPs). Experimental results on a typical RL task for a stochastic chain problem demonstrate that KLSPI can consistently achieve better learning efficiency and policy quality than the previous least squares policy iteration (LSPI) algorithm. Furthermore, the KLSPI method was also evaluated on two nonlinear feedback control problems, including a ship heading control problem and the swing up control of a double-link underactuated pendulum called acrobot. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed method can optimize controller performance using little a priori information of uncertain dynamic systems. It is also demonstrated that KLSPI can be applied to online learning control by incorporating an initial controller to ensure online performance.     

新钢板坯连铸中间包采用控流槽的水模拟实验

通过板坯连铸中间包水模拟实验,表明新型控流装置--控流槽可大大改善中间包内流体的流动特征参数和流动轨迹,并具有防止卷吸气体作用.     

全玻璃真空集热管太阳热水器的常见故障

经多年发展，全玻璃真空管太阳热水器日趋成熟已形成相当的产业规模，但与燃气热水器、电热水器相比，使用中暴露出的可靠性差、故障率高、维修量大等一系列问题加大了经营成本，成为经销商的沉重负担。有些经销商已退出这一市场，还有些经销商由经营成本高的名牌产品转向经营成本低的非名牌产品。已经营5年的江苏某名牌厂家广东省总代理，因维修量过大，造成亏损而打算另换门庭。可见提高产品质量、降低故障率、减少售后维修服务成本，仍然是生产厂家需要大力解决的问题。除此之外，全玻璃真空管太阳热水器本身还因结构缺陷而造成一些问题和使用的不便。这一切都降低了太阳热水器的竞争力。     

中性固色剂NF在分散／活性一浴热溶染色中的应用

本文对涤棉混纺织物在分散/活性染料同浴染色中采用碱固工艺与中性固色工艺作了较详细的对比试验,同时对中性固色剂及双氰胺的用量进行了优选组合,并对中性固色剂的效果进行了讨论。     

高喷煤比操作对焦炭劣化的影响

为考查提高喷煤量对焦炭在炉内劣化的影响,在宝钢高炉上进行了风口取样研究.结果表明,喷煤量达到200 kg/t以上时焦炭劣化严重.高炉生产实绩回归显示,焦炭的热性能对高炉透气性的影响比冷强度显著.分析认为焦炭热性能指标CRI、CSR对高炉高煤比操作更重要.借此还提出了提高喷煤量和改善焦炭质量需加强研究的课题.