正确把握“三个环节” 做好经常性思想工作

“及时发现,确实弄清,正确解决”是做好经常性思想工作的３个基本环 节。“及时发现”是做好经常性思想工作的前提,要做到及时发现,一要把握规律,搞好 预测;二要留心观察,掌握细微;三是个别交谈,讲究艺术;四要摸底测试,搞好普查; 五是会议收集,全面分析。“确实弄清”是做好经常性思想工作的关键,一要搞好调查 研究,弄清思想问题的真正原因;二要进行科学分析,弄清思想问题的本质。“正确解 决”是做好经常性思想工作的目的,一要动之以情;二要晓之以理;三要喻之以义;四 要导之以行。     

基于模糊神经网络及证据推理的数据融合系统

在研究战术弹道导弹电子对抗条件下作战仿真运用问题时,我们成功地将模糊神经网络与证据推理相结合,弥补了传统多传感器数据融合系统未考虑外界环境因素影响的缺陷,提高了数据融合系统的抗干扰能力,最后简单介绍了仿真系统软件的实现流程。这是作战仿真方法研究及实现的新途径。     

Random-iteration algorithm-based optical parallel architecture for fractal-image decoding by use of iterated-function system codes

An optical parallel architecture for the random-iteration algorithm to decode a fractal image by use of iterated-function system (IFS) codes is proposed. The code value is first converted into transmittance in film or a spatial light modulator in the optical part of the system. With an optical-to-electrical converter, electrical-to-optical converter, and some electronic circuits for addition and delay, we can perform the contractive affine transformation (CAT) denoted in IFS codes. In the proposed decoding architecture all CAT's generate points (image pixels) in parallel, and these points then are joined for display purposes. Therefore the decoding speed is improved greatly compared with existing serial-decoding architectures. In addition, an error and stability analysis that considers nonperfect elements is presented for the proposed optical system. Finally, simulation results are given to validate the proposed architecture.     

High performance copper oxide cathodes for high temperature solid-oxide fuel cells

The cathodic polarization characteristics of CuO and YBa₂Cu₃O_7- electrodes were studied in the temperature range 600 to 800°C and at oxygen partial pressures ranging from 10^–4 to 0.21 atm. The activity of oxygen reduction on a CuO electrode is closely related to the electronic conductivity and the oxygen ion vacancy density in the surface layer of the electrode. The oxygen ion vacancies created in CuO by doping with Li and the modification of the electronic conductivity by adding Ag provide a new way of enhancing the activity of an oxide electrode for oxygen reduction. It is demonstrated that the rate limiting steps for oxygen reduction at high overpotential and low overpotential are oxygen adsorption and charge transfer on CuO, respectively.List of symbols F Faraday constant - f F/RT - i current - i₀ exchange current - k ⁰ intrinsic rate constant of charge transfer - N() electron density with an energy level E - n number of electrons - R gas constant T temperature Greek letters transfer coefficient - conductivity - overpotential - energy level     

Comparison of Sagnac and Mach-Zehnder ultrafast all-optical interferometric switches based on a semiconductor resonant optical nonlinearity

We present a theoretical analysis of recently demonstrated ultrafast all-optical interferometric switching devices (based on Sagnac and Mach-Zehnder interferometers) that use a large optical nonlinearity in a resonant regime. These devices achieve ~10-ps switching windows and do not require high-energy optical control pulses. We theoretically analyze and compare one Sagnac and two Mach-Zehnder switching configurations.     

Shearing interferometer with a Kitty self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror

A shearing interferometer with a Kitty-type self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror is developed. The measurement of the focal length of a lens is demonstrated with a standard deviation of 1.5%. In addition, we measured the microdisplacement in the range of tens of micrometers with an error less than 2% by using the interferometer.     

Conditional-sampling spectrograph detection system for fluorescence measurements of individual airborne biological particles

We report the design and operation of a prototype conditional-sampling spectrograph detection system that can record the fluorescence spectra of individual, micrometer-sized aerosols as they traverse an intense 488-nm intracavity laser beam. The instrument's image-intensified CCD detector is gated by elastic scattering or by undispersed fluorescence from particles that enter the spectrograph's field of view. It records spectra only from particles with preselected scattering-fluorescence levels (a fiber-optic-photomultiplier subsystem provides the gating signal). This conditional-sampling procedure reduces data-handling rates and increases the signal-to-noise ratio by restricting the system's exposures to brief periods when aerosols traverse the beam. We demonstrate these advantages by reliably capturing spectra from individual fluorescent microspheres dispersed in an airstream. The conditional-sampling procedure also permits some discrimination among different types of particles, so that spectra may be recorded from the few interesting particles present in a cloud of background aerosol. We demonstrate such discrimination by measuring spectra from selected fluorescent microspheres in a mixture of two types of microspheres, and from bacterial spores in a mixture of spores and nonfluorescent kaolin particles.     

Compact holographic storage demonstrator with rapid access

We discuss the design of a complete, compact holographic storage demonstrator based on a combination of spatial and angular multiplexing and using acousto-optic deflectors for rapid nonmechanical access. We also describe the implementation of this design and preliminary results of both the analog storage and the retrieval of 20,000 holograms in twenty 1-mm-thick layers of a lithium niobate crystal and of the digital storage and error-free retrieval of color images by using error-correcting techniques.     

The effect of carbon containing atmosphere on the structure and mechanical properties of Fe-32Mn-9.4Al-1C-1.27Si alloy

The effect of a carbon containing atmosphere on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-32Mn-9.4Al-1C-1.27Si alloy was investigated in this work. Surface oxide nodules and grain boundary oxides were found to form on this alloy when it was annealed in carbon-containing air at 1050 °C for 1 h. The oxidation reaction was thought to be the result of the green rot attack process. This alloy was embrittled severely by the carbon-containing air through the formation of surface oxide nodules and grain boundary oxide. The carbon-containing air enhanced the oxidation rate of this alloy at 1050 °C. The structure of the oxide nodules formed on this alloy in the carbon-containing air was similar to that observed on a FeMnAl alloy heated in 1000 °C air for 24 h.     

Fabrication and microstructure of the d.c.-magnetron-sputtered YBa2Cu3O7 − x superconducting thin films

Systematic investigations were conducted to determine the effect of deposition conditions on the microstructure and superconducting properties of YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 – x} thin films produced by d.c. magnetron sputtering on (001) MgO substrate. The films were c-axis preferentially oriented with respect to the (001) MgO surface at substrate temperatures of 680–700 C. X-ray diffraction patterns clearly indicated the existence of the c-axis alignment normal to the substrate surface and some second phases. The second phases, including a Cu-rich phase and Y₂O₃, were identified by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and the microstructures were analysed by electron and atomic force microscopes.