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991.
In connection with the specific features of high velocity aerated flow generated by hydraulic engineering structures, the mathematical model is developed for high turbulence air-water two-phase flow with the use of twin flow theoretical model in this paper. Furthermore the numerical method is proposed to treat bubbled flows. In addition, on the basis of air-water stratified twin flow model, the new calculation methods and free surface tracking technique are proposed to describe complicated movements of the free surface. Finally, the proposed model is used to calculate artificial aerated flows. The computed results coincide quite well with experimental results. This means that the proposed method can provide solid basis for practical engineering design. 相似文献
992.
Although the dams produce remarkable social and economic benefits, the threat made by unsafe dams to the life and property of people who live in the lower river area is un-negligible. Based on the monitoring data which reflect the safety condition of dams, the risk degree concept is proposed and the analysis system and model for evaluating risk degree (rate) are established in this paper by combining the reliability theory and field monitoring data. The analysis method for risk degree is presented based on Bayesian approach. A five-grade risk degree system for dam operation risk and corresponding risk degree is put forward according to the safety condition of dams. The operation risks of four cascade dams on some river are analyzed by the model and approach presented here and the result is adopted by the owner. 相似文献
993.
Ya-Li Song Jia Li Ling Yin Tian Huang Ping Gao 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2007,31(11-12):1058-1065
This paper presents a newly developed CAD approach for a quick and accurate design of a dental posterior prosthesis. The approach arises from the basic idea that every human tooth has its own specific features. Based upon the features of the standard posterior tooth, the initial data containing the defined feature points are firstly acquired from the scanned points of the standard tooth. The standard prosthetic profile is thereby formulated using the bicubic Nurbs surface fitting technique. This profile has the two functions of possessing the same features with the patient’s missing posterior tooth, and the adjustability with the feature points and the defined B-spline profile feature curves. For the purpose of the adjustment of the established model, the global and occlusal feature curves are proposed considering the individual patient’s original information. According to these curves, the corresponding standard prosthetic profile is locally adjusted to meet the fit of the global size and occlusal surface. Finally, a close and continuous profile of a posterior crown is generated. Using this design, a posterior prosthesis is successfully manufactured in the computer-aided machining process. 相似文献
994.
A procedure for measuring peptides in rumen fluid and evidence that peptide uptake can be a rate-limiting step in ruminal protein degradation 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
A relatively simple and sensitive procedure was developed to measure the concentration of peptides in rumen fluid. Feed particles and microorganisms were removed by centrifugation, and the supernatant was treated with perchloric acid (5% final concentration). Perchloric acid precipitated macromolecules that included protein, RNA, and DNA. Perchlorate was subsequently removed by precipitation with an excess of potassium carbonate. Ammonia was removed by boiling the alkaline sample. Supernatant samples were then analyzed for ninhydrin reactive material before and after HCl hydrolysis. Because ninhydrin reaction was 3 to 7.5 times greater after HCl hydrolysis, peptides rather than amino acids were the primary source of nonprotein, nonammonia nitrogen. Rumen fluid from a cow fed timothy hay and concentrate supplement (16% crude protein) contained more than 1200 mg peptides/L (192 mg N/L), 1 h after feeding, and this value declined the prefeeding value of 400 mg/L (64 mg N/L) by 8 h after feeding. Comparison of ninhydrin reactivity with and without HCl hydrolysis indicated that peptides present before feeding contained more peptide bonds than the peptides soon after feeding. High pressure liquid chromatography revealed a variety of peaks soon after feeding and fewer dominant peaks 8 h later. The data suggest that peptide uptake into rumen microorganisms can be a rate-limiting step in ruminal protein degradation. 相似文献
995.
Cheng Chen Zheng Guo Li Yeng Chai Soh 《Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on》2007,15(3):697-708
In this paper, we shall generalize the concepts of fairness, TCP-friendliness and TCP-compatibility such that more source adaptation schemes can be designed to support diverse applications over the Internet. A simple but efficient framework, in the form of a monotonic response function (MRF), is proposed for the analysis and the design of memoryless window-based source adaptation protocols by using these concepts. We first derive a necessary and sufficient condition for step-wise convergence to the weighted fairness. It is then used to construct increase-decrease policies. The requirements of our increase-decrease policy are less conservative than those of the CYRF (Choose Your Response Function) that was proposed in . Our MRF is suitable for transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP), and can be used to design TCP-friendly and multimedia-friendly source adaptation schemes. Meanwhile, our MRF can be applied to provide bandwidth differentiation service without any change to the router of the existing Internet. 相似文献
996.
Li Yonghua Wang Chunbo Chen Hongwei 《Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China》2007,1(1):96-100
Power plants in China have to burn blended coal instead of one specific coal for a variety of reasons. So it is of great necessity
to investigate the combustion of blended coals. Using a test rig with a capacity of 640 MJ/h with an absolute milling system
and flue gas online analysis system, characteristics such as burnout, slag, and pollution of some blended coals were investigated.
The ratio of coke and slag as a method of distinguishing coal slagging characteristic was introduced. The results show that
the blending of coal has some effect on NO
x
but there is no obvious rule. SO
x
emission can be reduced by blending low sulfur coal.
Translated from Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(18): 97–103 [译自: 中国电机工程学报] 相似文献
997.
On the basis of Odum's ecological economic measure of emergy as embodied solar energy, a system account of biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China 2004 is developed in this paper, which supplements a former study on corresponding long-term historical trends during 1978 to 2000 (Chen et al., 2006. Emergy-based analysis of the Chinese agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 115, 161–173). The aggregate fluxes and indicators for biomass resource exploitation in China 2004 are calculated and illustrated when compared with those for 2000 to elucidate the latest status of the Chinese agriculture as the exploitation sector for biomass resource. Data sources and algorithm are presented in detail as basic references for related analysis involving the ecological economy of biomass exploitation in agriculture. 相似文献
998.
Fanggao Chang Tao Li Yongxia Ge Zhenping Chen Zhongshi Liu Xiping Jing 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(17):7109-7115
DC resistivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and positron annihilation spectra of (Ba1−x
Ho
x
)TiO3 ceramics have been measured as a function of holmium concentration x. It has been found that the DC resistivity of (Ba1−x
Ho
x
)TiO3 is strongly dependent on the Ho content: it decreases three orders of magnitude and reaches a minimum at x = 0.4%. Doping with 0.6% holmium increases the permittivity of BaTiO3 by approximately three times (from ∼1,300 to ∼4,000), with only a slight increase in the corresponding dielectric loss. The
local electron density and defect concentration estimated using positron annihilation technique conforms well to the features
found in the dielectric and resistivity measurements. The results have been discussed in terms of a mixed compensation model. 相似文献
999.
1000.
滨海大桥是唐津高速公路工程的核心和关键工程,是目前我国北方地区最大的双塔双索面预应力混凝土斜拉桥,它横跨海河,位于津南区葛沽镇西关村与塘沽区于庄子镇之间。整座大桥由主桥和南、北引桥3部分组成,全长2 838 m,其中北引桥长1 080 m,南引桥长1 090 m,主跨364 m,河中不设桥墩,南、北边跨各为152 m.主梁采用预应力混凝土肋板式结构,通过翼板(桥面板)及横隔梁连接形成整体。标准截面梁高2m,全宽30.9 m,全长668m.其中翼板厚32 cm,横隔梁标准间距6.8 m,厚35 cm。主塔采用宝瓶型结构,下塔柱向外倾斜,中塔柱向内倾斜,采用下、中、上三道横梁作为连接,塔高140.12m。引桥采用T型结构,先简支后连续,跨径分为30 m、35 m、40 m三种。该桥桥面宽27.5 m,为双向6车道.桥下净空33m,能保证5000t级客货轮双向通行。工程造价3亿多人民币。 相似文献