艾哈迈德·阿德南·萨伊贡艺术中心,伊兹密尔,土耳其

<正>一座建筑的性能应当如何来衡量?除了通过统治当代建筑舆论的美学、技术以及经济价值来进行描述之外,我们还能够如何来阐释一座建筑,尤其是一座致力于庇护那些渴望展现自己的艺术家的建筑?有人会问成功的表演是如何实现的,表演者是如何进行伪装的、又是如何展现自己的?根据海德格尔的理论,当我们看不到钉子的时候,铁锤的表现才是成功的;钉子本身的出现通常表明出现了问题。     

On evaluating Weibull fits to mechanical testing data

The use of coefficient of determination, R², and the Anderson–Darling (A²) hypothesis test to evaluate the goodness-of-fit to the two-parameter Weibull distribution was investigated. Results of Monte Carlo simulations for sample sizes between 5 and 100 indicated that guidelines provided previously in the literature are too conservative for sample sizes up to 80. New guidelines for the use of R² and A² for sample sizes between 5 and 100 have been developed. The two measures of goodness-of-fit were found to agree more than 95% of the time, regardless of sample size. The use of the new guidelines has been demonstrated on two datasets from the casting literature.     

Using directionality in mobile routing

The increased usage of directional methods of communications has prompted research into leveraging directionality in every layer of the network stack. In this paper, we explore the use of directionality in layer 3 to facilitate routing in highly mobile environments. We introduce Mobile Orthogonal Rendezvous Routing Protocol (MORRP) for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). MORRP is a lightweight, but scalable routing protocol utilizing directional communications (such as directional antennas or free-space-optical transceivers) to relax information requirements such as coordinate space embedding, node localization, and mobility. This relaxation is done by introducing a novel concept called the directional routing table (DRT) which maps a set-of-IDs to each interface direction to provide probabilistic routing information based on interface direction. We show that MORRP achieves connectivity with high probability even in highly mobile environments while maintaining only probabilistic information about destinations. Additionally, we compare MORRP with various proactive, reactive, and position-based routing protocols using single omni-directional interfaces and multiple directional interfaces and show that MORRP gains over 10–14 × additional goodput vs. traditional protocols and 15–20% additional goodput vs. traditional protocols using multiple interfaces. MORRP scales well without imposing DHT-like graph structures (eg: trees, rings, torus etc). We also show that high connectivity can be achieved without the need to frequently disseminate node position resulting increased scalability even in highly mobile environments.     

Early prostate cancer diagnosis by using artificial neural networks and support vector machines

The aim of this study is to design a classifier based expert system for early diagnosis of the organ in constraint phase to reach informed decision making without biopsy by using some selected features. The other purpose is to investigate a relationship between BMI (body mass index), smoking factor, and prostate cancer. The data used in this study were collected from 300 men (100: prostate adenocarcinoma, 200: chronic prostatism or benign prostatic hyperplasia). Weight, height, BMI, PSA (prostate specific antigen), Free PSA, age, prostate volume, density, smoking, systolic, diastolic, pulse, and Gleason score features were used and independent sample t-test was applied for feature selection. In order to classify related data, we have used following classifiers; scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS), and Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) training algorithms of artificial neural networks (ANN) and linear, polynomial, and radial based kernel functions of support vector machine (SVM). It was determined that smoking is a factor increases the prostate cancer risk whereas BMI is not affected the prostate cancer. Since PSA, volume, density, and smoking features were to be statistically significant, they were chosen for classification. The proposed system was designed with polynomial based kernel function, which had the best performance (accuracy: 79%). In Turkish Family Health System, family physician to whom patients are applied firstly, would contribute to extract the risk map of illness and direct patients to correct treatments by using expert system such proposed.     

A team-oriented design methodology for mixed model assembly systems

Team-oriented approaches are widely being used in modern real life assembly systems, as are other modern systems. In this paper, first the literature of single and mixed model assembly line balancing, which plays an important role for the design of assembly systems, is reviewed. The associated literature matrixes reveal that team-oriented approaches do not have an intensive research area. Second, a team-oriented mathematical programming model for creating assembly teams (physical stations) in mixed model assembly lines is devised. Owing to the fact that this model is NP hard, a scheduling based heuristic algorithm is developed. The mixed model assembly line design methodology, which includes a team-oriented algorithm as a step, is proposed. Both model sequencing and worker transfer systems are included in the methodology. The algorithms for each step of the methodology are also coded by using MATLAB and MS Excel is used as the user interface. Furthermore, the presented methodology was applied in a chosen segment of a real life mixed model tractor assembly system.     

Preparation of PbS thin films: A new electrochemical route for underpotential deposition

Nanostructured thin films of lead sulfide have been synthesized by a new electrochemical approach based on the underpotential deposition (UPD) of Pb and S from the saturated solution of PbS containing excess of PbS particles as a source of Pb²⁺ and S²⁻ at various temperatures.We have demonstrated that this new electrochemical route is a simple method with several advantages, including better control of the growth conditions and a one-step process to obtain the nanostructures of PbS. Scanning probe microscopy studies indicate that the growth of PbS nanofilms follows a two-dimensional layer-by-layer growth kinetics at the beginning of electrodeposition but a three-dimensional growth dominates after the formation of the first few layers. The results of morphological and structural investigations reveal that PbS nanostructures grown by this method are single-crystalline in cubic structure and have a preferential orientation along the [2 0 0] direction. The optical absorption spectra of PbS nanostructures show the blue-shift with respect to those of the bulk counterpart, which are attributed as quantum-size effect.     

A quasi-static analysis for a class of induced-current EIT systems using discrete coils

A discrete coil EIT system is investigated for the general case of an eccentric circular inhomogeneity. The solution methodology of the forward problem of this system is explained. An optimization procedure using this forward problem solution is developed to find optimum currents that maximize the distinguishability. For an eccentric inhomogeneity problem, it is shown that the coil currents can be optimized to focus the current density in a region of interest. Optimum coil currents under limited peak coil currents constraint and limited total power constraint are obtained. Representative examples that demonstrate the performance of the system are presented.     

Subsurface radar signal deconvolution

We present two methods of signal deconvolution for systems whose impulse response (wavelet function) can be explicitly determined, and where the goal is to locate short impulses in the presence of strong, reverberation-like interferences.The first method, which we call algebraic deconvolution, differs from other known techniques in two ways: first of all, explicit use of the wavelet function provides more powerful a priori knowledge than the autocorrelation or the power spectrum. Secondly, this method permits to flexibly trade off noise versus resolution.In the second method presented here, we use an analytical model (synthetic wavelet) of the system impulse response to determine an inverse filter.These methods have been developed for video pulse radar signals, and encouraging early results have been obtained.     

Radiation-induced degradation of galactomannan polysaccharides

In this study, guar gum, tara gum and locust bean gum were irradiated in a gamma cell in the solid state. The change in their molecular weights were determined by size exclusion chromatography analysis and the change in their viscosity values with change of temperature and irradiation dose were determined. Chain scission yield, G(s), and degradation rate values were calculated. The calculated G(s) values is 1.09 ± 0.16, 1.07 ± 0.06, 0.85 ± 0.10 for GG, TG and LBG, respectively. The effect of mannose-galactose ratio and initial molecular weight of these gums on the degradation behavior were discussed.     

An alternative approach to fuzzy control charts: Direct fuzzy approach

The major contribution of fuzzy set theory lies in its capability of representing vague data. Fuzzy logic offers a systematic base to deal with situations, which are ambiguous or not well defined. In the literature, there exist few papers on fuzzy control charts, which use defuzziffication methods in the early steps of their algorithms. The use of defuzziffication methods in the early steps of the algorithm makes it too similar to the classical analysis. Linguistic data in those works are transformed into numeric values before control limits are calculated. Thus both control limits as well as sample values become numeric. In this paper, some contributions to fuzzy control charts based on fuzzy transformation methods are made by the use of α-cut to provide the ability of determining the tightness of the inspection: the higher the value of α the tighter inspection. A new alternative approach “Direct Fuzzy Approach (DFA)” is also developed in this paper. In contrast to the existing fuzzy control charts, the proposed approach is quite different in the sense it does not require the use of the defuzziffication. This prevents the loss of information included by the samples. It directly compares the linguistic data in fuzzy space without making any transformation. We use some numeric examples to illustrate the performance of the method and interpret its results.