Nonlinear Thermal Analysis for Qing-Tibet Railway Embankments in Cold Regions

Heat convection in ballast mass in railway embankments is a problem of heat convection in porous media. In order to calculate the temperature distribution of the Qing-Tibet railway embankment from the governing equations used to study forced convection for incompressible fluids porous media, detailed finite-element formulas for heat convection in porous media are derived using Galerkin’s method. The temperature distributions on central lines of the traditional railway embankment, the ripped-rock embankment, and the ripped-rock revetment embankment that were constructed on July 15, 2002 have been analyzed and compared on July 15, October 15 in the 24th year after construction, and January 15 in the 25th year after construction under the climatic and geological conditions on the Qing-Tibet Railway. The calculated results indicate that the traditional railway embankment will raise the permafrost temperature under the embankment base and make the permafrost embankment thermally unstable. The ripped-rock embankment and the ripped-rock revetment embankment will reduce the permafrost temperature under the embankment base in cold regions, therefore maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost. However, the ripped-rock embankment needs more rock mass while the ripped-rock revetment embankment need less rock mass, and its construction cost is lower than that of the former. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the ripped-rock revetment embankment be used for the Qing-Tibet railway embankment structure in high temperature permafrost regions so that the permafrost embankment can be protected as much as possible.     

气体传感器的集成化研究状况

集成技术在未来传感器的发展中起重要作用。综述了与集成工艺兼容的气体传感器的研究状况,包括半导体场效应型、晶体管型、薄膜型、微量热计型和声表面波(SAW)型气体传感器。     

激光对望远系统损伤的研究

本文对激光光束通过望远系统后光束的变化进行了分析，并对６倍望远镜进行了激光损伤和破坏的实验研究，实验结果表明，激光对望远系统的损伤破坏主要是热效应所致，损伤破坏的情况与激光的能量，波长，脉冲宽度和望远系统的结构有关。     

一种适合于同杆4回线的故障测距方法

在对同杆4回线解耦的基础上，提出了一种适合于同杆4回线的故障测距方法。同杆4回线内部发生故障时，可以将故障分量分解为12序分量，且利用该12序分量进行故障测距。考虑到在任何故障类型下，同杆4回线内部都会存在反序分量，所以提出了基于反序环流分量的故障测距方法。当同杆4回线内部发生故障时，从线路两端计算到故障点的反序环流分量电压相等，利用该关系可以求出故障点的精确位置。由于相互独立的12序分量完全能够解决线间耦合问题，文中提出的测距算法能够精确测距，测距精度不受故障类型影响。大量ATP仿真结果表明所提出的测距算法完全适用于同杆4回线的故障测距，测距精度不受过渡电阻、系统运行方式、线路两端功角的影响。     

房屋基础因地道塌陷的加固处理

本文通过对房屋基础因地道塌陷事故的处理，提出一种结构受力合理、施工便利、经济性好的基础加固新方法，供今后实际工程事故处理时参考。     

高精度合成地震记录制作技术研究

制作高精度的合成地震记录是精细储层描述的基础，本文在分析合成地震记录原理的基础上，从地震剖面的极性判断、平均速度的选取，反射系数的准确提取，子波的精确估算等方面对制作合成记录的要点进行了分析，通过提高以上四方面的精度，提高了制作合成地震记录的精度，并提出了一套可行的合成地震记录的检查方法。     

Nonregular feedback linearization: a nonsmooth approach

In this note, we address the problem of exact linearization via nonsmooth nonregular feedback. A criterion of nonregular static state feedback linearizability is presented for a class of nonlinear affine systems with two control inputs, and its application to nonholonomic systems is briefly discussed.     

Integrated modeling and assessment of water resources and water environment in the Yellow River Basin

An integrated model is established to simulate both hydrological processes and accompanied pollutant transfer processes in the Yellow River Basin. The model couples distributed hydrological model WEP-L (Water and Energy transfer Processes in Large river basins) and a newly developed water quality module which includes simulation functions of soil erosion and sediment transport, and non-point and point sources transfer to rivers. To overcome the defects of traditional water quality assessment, two aspects of improvement are conducted. One is the improvement of the traditional characteristic channel length approach, i.e., the product of multiplying channel length by lateral section area is selected as a new assessment criterion to reflect the different contributions of small channels and big ones, thus making the assessment results more objective. The other is the suggestion of integrated assessment approach for both water at channel lateral sections and water generated in sub-basins. The assessment results in the Yellow River Basin illustrate: (1) the improved characteristic channel length approach shows rivers of water quality worse than Class III account for 75% whilst the traditional approach give a result of 45%, implying that the actual status of water quality is worse than the traditional understanding; (2) the quality of water generated in sub-basins is much better than the quality of water at channel lateral sections. The assessment results describe the status of water resources quantity and quality from different points of view and thus provide valuable information for the water resources development and management in the basin.