The influence of selection for response on repetition priming of word identification.

Repetition priming of word identification was examined using study tasks that required participants either to search for targets appearing in rapid serial visual presentation of word lists or to read aloud a list of target words. Nontarget words embedded in search lists produced a small amount of repetition priming on a masked word identification test, independent of presentation duration in the search list (200–1,000 ms), but no priming when they appeared as targets in a second search task used at test. For both test tasks, words that were originally encoded in a read-aloud task or served as detected targets during a search task generated more priming than nontarget words from search lists. These results suggest that priming effects are strongest when study tasks require an item to be selected as the basis for an overt response, even though the information on which study and test responses are based may be different. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Antioxidant characteristics of hydrolysable and polyflavonoid tannins: An ESR kinetics study

As part of an investigation of the role of tannin as antioxidants, the radical formation and radical decay reactions of some polyflavonoid and hydrolysable tannins has been followed by electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques. Comparative kinetics were determined for both light-induced radicals and by radical transfer from a less stable chemical species for the tannin alone and when the tannin is in a methanol solution. The five parameters which appear to have a bearing on the very complex pattern of the rates of tannin radical formation and radical decay were found to be (1) the extent of the colloidal state of the tannin in solution, (2) the stereochemical structure at the interflavonoid units linkage, (3) the ease of heterocyclic pyran ring opening, (4) the relative numbers of A- and B-rings hydroxy groups, and (5) solvation effects when the tannin is in solution. It is the combination of these five factors that appears to determine the behavior as an antioxidant of a particular tannin under a set of application conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 475–482, 1997