酸化加砂压裂复合增产技术

常规加砂压裂过程中往往会给储层和支撑裂缝带来伤害,导致压裂效果有限,甚至无效.为了改善压裂增产效果,提出了酸化加砂压裂复合增产技术,加砂压裂效果显著改善.以长庆油田为例,系统分析了压裂过程中的主要伤害因素,深入剖析了酸液在改善压裂效果方面的作用机理.研究成果为指导和优化施工设计提供了理论依据和技术支持,对类似油田的增产改造具有重要的借鉴意义.     

多氢酸体系酸化效果的室内试验研究

针对渤海辽东湾某区域油井采用常规酸液体系进行酸化处理效果不佳的现状,开展了多氢酸氢离子浓度测定以及多氢酸体系的溶蚀率、润湿性、流动效果等室内试验研究。结果表明:多氢酸原液的氢离子浓度较高,可以保证酸液体系中具有充足的氢离子与氟盐反应生成氢氟酸;多氢酸体系对石英的溶蚀率大大高于土酸和氟硼酸体系,而且对粘土矿物具有抑制反应速度的作用;多氢酸体系可以保持地层的水湿性质,不会对储层的油气渗流产生不利影响;多氢酸体系对砂岩储层的酸化效果要好于土酸和氟硼酸等常规酸液体系,应用多氢酸体系进行酸化处理后的岩心渗透率比可达3.0。采用本次试验研制的新型多氢酸体系对渤海辽东湾3口油井进行酸化处理,单井增油效果明显。     

水电站机组负荷最优分配

提出了一种应用模拟退火法解决水电站机组负荷最优分配的方法。该方法以水电站各机组总的耗水量为目标函数,在满足发电机运行上下限和功率平衡的约束条件下直接对目标函数进行寻优。它的寻优速度快且易于收敛,是解决负荷分配问题的一种有效手段。     

Detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by TiO2(R), TiO2(R/A) and TiO2(A) under ultrasonic and solar light irradiation and application in degradation of organic dyes

In the present work, the rutile, anatase and mixed (rutile and anatase) crystal phase TiO₂ powders were irradiated by ultrasound and solar light, respectively, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected through the oxidation reaction from 1,5-diphenyl carbazide (DPCI) to 1,5-diphenyl carbazone (DPCO). The DPCO can be extracted by the mixed solvent of benzene and carbon tetrachloride and the extract liquors display an obvious absorption peak around 563 nm. In addition, the influences of (ultrasonic or solar light) irradiation time, TiO₂ addition amount and DPCI concentration on the quantities of generated ROS were also reviewed. The kinds of generated ROS were determined by using several radical scavengers. At last, the researches on the sonocatalytic and photocatalytic degradation of several organic dyes were also performed. It is wished that this paper might offer some important subjects for broadening the applications of sonocatalytic and photocatalytic technologies.     

Fabrication of an electrochemical platform based on the self-assembly of graphene oxide-multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposite and horseradish peroxidase: direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis

A novel hybrid nanomaterial (GO-MWNTs) was explored based on the self-assembly of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphene oxide (GO). Compared with pristine MWNTs, such a nanocomposite could be well dispersed in aqueous solution and exhibit a negative charge. Driven by the electrostatic interaction, positively charged horseradish peroxidase (HRP) could then be immobilized onto GO-MWNTs at the surface of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode to form a HRP/GO-MWNT/GC electrode under mild conditions. TEM was used to characterize the morphology of the GO-MWNT nanocomposite. UV-vis and FTIR spectra suggested that HRP was immobilized onto the hybrid matrix without denaturation. Furthermore, the immobilized HRP showed enhanced direct electron transfer for the HRP-Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox center. Based on the direct electron transfer of the immobilized HRP, the HRP/GO-MWNT/GC electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the reduction of H(2)O(2) and NaNO(2), respectively. Therefore, GO-MWNTs could provide a novel and efficient platform for the immobilization and biosensing of redox enzymes, and thus may find wide potential applications in the fabrication of biosensors, biomedical devices, and bioelectronics.     

相变材料在纺织服装中的应用

从相变材料的概念、调温机理、对人体的作用、当温度转变时的热转移效果几方面综述了相变材料的特性，并探讨了相变材料在纺织服装上的应用，期望相变材料在纺织服装上开发成功。     

变压器油箱强度仿真模板的开发

针对通用有限元分析软件操作难度大、难以推广使用的特点,提出对ANSYS Workbench进行二次开发。通过对程序源文件的修改及脚本文件的编写,实现变压器油箱强度仿真模板主界面的定制与集成,从而提供更加友好的仿真界面,大大提高仿真效率。     

SA-213T91+SA-213TP347H异种钢接头失效分析

通过对失效焊接接头进行化学分析、拉力试验、金相检验,以及对裂纹形貌进行观察,分析了超超临界火电锅炉机组SA-213T91+SA-213TP347H异种钢焊接接头的失效原因。结果表明,原始焊接接头无焊接缺陷,焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能均满足要求;失效焊接接头处同时发现蠕变和再热性质的两种裂纹,较高的工作温度和较大的纵向拉应力是导致裂纹产生的主要原因。     

单镀Galfan合金镀层钢丝拉拔性能的研究

对单镀Galfan合金镀层钢丝进行了一系列拉拔性能试验 ,研究了单镀Galfan合金镀层钢丝的拉拔和耐蚀性能 ,结果表明单镀Galfan合金镀层钢丝可用于拉拔生产。     

一种砂岩缓速酸酸岩反应模型的建立

砂岩酸压增产改造工艺技术在复杂岩性、低渗透、特低渗透、非常规及特殊油气藏的勘探开发中,得到了越来越广泛的应用。砂岩储层酸压的关键在于形成较高导流能力的酸蚀裂缝,为了有效改造储层和减轻二次伤害,常采用缓速酸液体系进行砂岩酸压。为了完善砂岩缓速酸的酸压理论,科学指导砂岩酸压设计和现场施工,基于酸液缓速机理和酸岩反应机理,建立了砂岩缓速酸酸压中裂缝内和滤失区的酸液浓度分布和矿物浓度分布模型,并用于计算酸蚀裂缝导流能力、酸液滤失区孔隙度和渗透率的改善程度。实例模拟结果表明：缓速酸酸压可保证酸蚀裂缝和滤失区具有较高的HF浓度,有利于增加酸液有效作用距离和改善基岩孔隙度和渗透率,但过高的HF浓度则会产生硅胶沉淀,对储层造成二次伤害,从而降低酸压效果;单一氟硼酸和氢氟酸的复合缓速酸液体系产生的导流能力随裂缝长度的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,因而应考虑采用多种酸液多级交替注入酸压。