Contribution of Lipids to Volatiles Generation in Extruded Corn-Based Model Systems

Volatile compounds generated by model systems of zein, corn amylopectin and corn oil extruded at barrel temperatures of 120°C and 165°C were analyzed by GC and GU/MS. The largest quantities of lipid oxidation products were detected in systems containing all three components. In each system, the quantity of 2,4-decadienal was low relative to the quantities of hexanal, heptanal, and benzaldehyde. Identification of the Maillard reaction products, 2-methyl-3(or 6)-pen-tylpyrazine, 2-methyl-3(or 6)-hexylpyrazine, and 2,5-dimethyl-3-pen-tylpyrazine, suggested that lipid-derived aldehydes might be involved in the formation of substituted pyrazines.     

Microstructural Evolution in Ca-PSZ and the Room-Temperature Instability of Tetragonal ZrO2

Microstructural evolution of a 7.8 mol% Ca-PSZ, fired at 1870°C and subsequently aged at 1300°C, was studied and correlated with the mechanical properties. The morphology, rafting, and subsequent coarsening of the tetragonal ( t ) ZrO₂ precipitates were of particular interest, as was the instability of some of the t -ZrO₂ particles during room-temperature aging. Precipitate coarsening kinetics (Ostwald ripening) was also studied. Over the limited time range studied (136 h), the interface reaction dominated the kinetics.     

Compass: an expert system for telephone switch maintenance

Abstract: GTE's Compass (Central Office Maintenance Printout Analysis and Suggestion System) is an expert system that aids in the maintenance of a telephone switching system. It analyzes maintenance printouts of telephone company central office switching equipment and suggests maintenance actions to be performed. The results from several field trials indicate that the current version of Compass performs well in identifying system faults and in suggesting corresponding maintenance actions. An expanded version of the expert system is under development while the present version is being put into field use.     

Comparisons of the General and Ball Formula Methods for Retort Pouch Process Calculations

Comparisons of general and formula methods were made for pouches processed under water in a still vertical retort. Changes were considered in the conventional use of the formula method. Heat penetration tests were performed using horizontally positioned pouches (3/4 inch pouch thickness). Tests on pureed product using a common brass thermocouple receptacle indicated a probability of less than 1% that errors were caused by the receptacle. Tests were then conducted using the same puree and two types of particulate products. Inclusion of the lethality portion of come-up time and the actual cooling lag factor in Ball calculations reduced the difference greater than 60% (5 min) and 18% (2 min), respectively, over the shorter general method times.