Coliphage prevalence in high school septic effluent and associated ground water

At the present time, somatic and male-specific coliphage and human enterovirus groups are being considered as indicators of possible pathogenic human enteric virus contamination from fecal contamination. A primary attribute for any indicator of fecal contamination is its prevalence at the source and in associated ground water. It must be consistently found in the source material at concentrations that are measurable with available techniques. Over a period of ten months, male-specific and somatic coliphage ranged from 7000 to 4,000,000 PFU/L in the effluent from a multi-user septic-tank. Unlike the values determined for septic-tank effluent, coliphage concentrations measured in ground water over this same period only varied by five-fold. Coliphage concentration in ground water under the down-gradient edge of the drainfield contained 1000 PFU/L. This concentration decreased at −1 log₁₀/5 m during 17.4 m of ground-water transport. From these data, coliphage concentrations in septic-tank effluent seem sufficient to allow their use as indicators of fecal contamination in ground water.     

城市加油站的防火与消防管理

介绍汽车加油站在防火设计与消防管理方面需注意的问题，主要包括站址选择、总平面布置、油罐设置、管线布置、卸油方式等方面，同时对加油站的日常操作与防火消防管理提出了要求。     

Reliability and performance analysis of time – space – time switching networks with multiple separated space switches

Since electronic switching systems usually require very strict reliability requirements as well as good performance objectives, we need to jointly analyse the performance and reliability of switching systems. In this paper, we compare conventional time–space–time switches with single space switches with those with multiple separated space switches, from the viewpoints of reliability and performance. We consider time–space–time switching networks which consist of N incoming time switches, i.e. one NxN space switch, two (N/2)x(N/2) space switches, and four (N/4)x(N/4) space switches. We introduce a Markov reliability model to study the effect of failures and analyse the reliability and performance of three different types of switching networks in terms of average blocking probability and the mean time to unreliable operation, as we vary the offered traffic. As a result, T–S–T switching networks with multiple separated space switches exhibit better performance and reliability than those with single space switches.     

基于空间矩的灰度边缘亚像元度量精度分析

灰度图像中边缘定位受采样密度限制，亚像元精度度量方法在需要高精度的应用中受到重视，要想知识到底需要多高的分辨率才能达到定精度指标，就有必要分析特征定位方法的最坏情况的精度，文中用分析和实验的方法给出了基于空间矩的边缘定位方法，对于边缘点，边缘直线以及直边缘区域的最坏情况定位精度分析。分析和讨论的结果不但可以用来确定已知形状位置估计的最大误差，而且还可用于对准的形状几何参数，以获得较高的精度。     

钢管内径光电检测装置

介绍了一种检测细长钢管内径的光电检测装置。该装置利用线阵ＣＣＤ作传感器，采用８０３１单片机作为主控制。     

臭氧氧化法在深度处理难降解有机废水中的应用

臭氧氧化作为一种有效的深度处理技术,对难降解有机废水具有良好的降解功效.介绍了臭氧的性质及氧化机理,分析了臭氧氧化法在处理纺织印染废水、造纸废水、垃圾渗滤液、炼油废水、焦化废水等难降解有机废水中的应用,指出了臭氧氧化存在的问题.     

全液压稠油热力开采过程井下流体的传热

针对稠油黏度高、密度大、驱替效率低,常规方法开采困难等问题,开展了稠油开采装置研究。介绍了全液压稠油开采装置在原油开采过程中的加热功能,分析了采油装置系统井下流体流动及传热过程。结合理论研究方法和热力学计算,建立了井下流体热交换的物理和数学模型,并对模型进行了分析、矫正和求解。以实际油井参数和液压油的流量、温度为输入参数,通过计算机仿真模拟了井下热交换参数之间的关系,从而改进了已获得的热交换理论方程和模型,并得出了原油的产量与液压油的输入量之间的关系,以及保温提采原油所需要的最小液压油输入量。该模型的建立为进一步研究不同井况和不同输入状态下的流体传热提供了理论依据。     

结晶器液面自动控制系统在唐钢板坯连铸机的应用

介绍了涡流法和同位素法2种结晶器钢水液面自动控制检测方式,及其在唐钢板坯连铸机的应用.     

Cooperative Effect Radiation Loss of Optical Pump Solid Laser

1 Introduction For increasing the output energy of laser, the pumping power must be enhanced. But the cooperative effect will arise and cause spontaneous radiation light in laser medium sample when the pumping power is high e- nough without the resonator. The spontaneous radiation light is coherent light between laser and fluorescent. It will compete the upper energy level population with ex- cited radiation, and the loss increase. In solid laser medium, such as Nd∶YAG, the Nd ion densityi…     

简单网络 解脱众多——传感器连线束缚

有了合适的协议以后(如ZigBee),无需经常与外界交流的传感器就不会消耗过多能量。有时,一节碱性电池就可以为它们提供长达十年的能量。