Minimal communication cost software construction in the Internet environment

This paper investigates the issue of building software in the Internet environment, where local area network (LAN) based systems are interconnected by links with different bandwidth and do not share file systems. The software is modeled as a directed acyclic graph. Each node in the graph represents a logical step in processing the software while the edges describe the order of execution. The problem is to construct the software at a particular LAN with minimum Internet communication cost. An optimal polynomial algorithm, SOFTCON, with time complexity is presented, where and are the number of nodes and edges in the graph describing the software respectively, is the number of LANs in the Internet environment, and is the time complexity of the network flow algorithm on the flow network with nodes and edges transformed from the directed acyclic graph of the software. Received: 6 December 1995 / 1 May 1996     

Spinal abscess of Haemophilus paraphrophilus. A case report

STUDY DESIGN: A case of paraspinal abscess formation from Haemophilus paraphrophilus is presented. OBJECTIVES: To describe a case of paraspinal abscess formation from H. paraphrophilus, a fastidious commensal organism of the mouth and pharynx. A precise bacteriologic identification can be difficult; techniques for such identification are discussed. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal abscess caused by H. paraphrophilus is unusual and can be very difficult to diagnose. METHODS: The etiology, clinical presentation, technical examinations, and treatment are reviewed. RESULTS: Prolonged antibiotic treatment was curative, although surgery was considered. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteriologic diagnoses in these rare infections are difficult. Antibiotic therapy was curative in the patient described.     

Effect of alloying elements on the solidification characteristics and microstructure of Al- Si- Cu- Mg- Fe 380 alloy

The effect of varying the major alloying elements within the limits of specification on the solidification behavior, fluidity, and microstructure of a 380 alloy has been studied at two cooling rates. The thermal analysis technique has been used to study the solidification behavior. The alloying elements investigated ranged from 3.22 to 4.09 pct copper, 1.01 to 1.70 pct iron, 0.06 to 0.50 pct magnesium, 1.69 to 3.00 pct zinc, and 0.16 to 0.46 pct manganese. The results show that the solidification behavior of the 380 alloys is complicated, and the cooling curve at 0.4 ‡C/s indicates six reactions taking place during the process of solidification. Cooling curves obtained for each of the alloying element additions, their analysis, and the resultant microstructures are discussed.     

Tracking trajectories of the cart-pendulum system

The problem of tracking a periodic trajectory of the well-known cart-pendulum system is solved. After a change of coordinates and a change of feedback, the equations of this system are nonlinear but feedforward. This property is extensively used to carry out for this system the design of uniformly asymptotically stabilizing time-varying state feedbacks by using the forwarding approach.     

Polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Comparison of two target sequences for amplification

Amplification of a 340 bp sequence of the 38 kDa protein gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the polymerase chain reaction has been developed. The sensitivity of this PCR was shown to be 10 fg both by agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridisation being equivalent to 2-3 organisms and highly specific to M. tuberculosis and excluding even M. tuberculosis H37Ra and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Sputum samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis gave a positivity rate of 45%. PCR was also performed using pt8 and pt9 primers which amplified a 541 bp sequence of IS6110. 41% of the above samples gave positive amplification. Three samples that were positive for 38 kDa sequence were negative for IS6110.     

Validity of psychological assessment: Validation of inferences from persons' responses and performances as scientific inquiry into score meaning.

The traditional conception of validity divides it into three separate and substitutable types: content, criterion, and construct validities. This view is fragmented and incomplete, especially because it fails to take into account both evidence of the value implications of score meaning as a basis for action and the social consequences of score use. The new unified concept of validity interrelates these issues as fundamental aspects of a more comprehensive theory of construct validity that addresses both score meaning and social values in test interpretation and test use. That is, unified validity integrates considerations of content, criteria, and consequences into a construct framework for the empirical testing of rational hypotheses about score meaning and theoretically relevant relationships, including those of an applied and a scientific nature. Six distinguishable aspects of construct validity are highlighted as a means of addressing central issues implicit in the notion of validity as a unified concept. These are content, substantive, structural, generalizability, external, and consequential aspects of construct validity. In effect, these six aspects function as general validity criteria or standards for all educational and psychological measurement, including performance assessments, which are discussed in some detail because of their increasing emphasis in educational and employment settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of attachment bereavement and pre-event conditions on subsequent depressive symptoms in older adults.

A sample of 1,411 older adults (age 55+) who had been interviewed both prior to and after bereavement was studied, allowing for pre-event controls. Those who had lost a parent, spouse, or child had the strongest depressive reactions, as predicted by an attachment-bonding hypothesis; however, material losses were also related to depression. Although bereavement/loss events were clearly related to subsequent depression even after pre-event depression, resources, and events were controlled, certain pre-event characteristics were predictive of the bereavement/loss events, including prior undesirable events, age, and urban/rural residency. A further analysis of 1,007 persons with two post-event interviews (at 6-month to 1-year follow-up) revealed an initial depressive reaction to a bereavement/loss event, which then dissipated completely within 1 year's time. Generally, bereavement appeared to have limited etiologic importance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assessment of melt cleanliness in A356.2 aluminium casting alloy using the porous disc filtration apparatus technique: Part II Inclusion analysis

The data obtained on inclusion types and concentrations has been analysed in the present part in terms of their effect on filtration time and fluidity (measured by the length of solidified metal in quartz tubes). The dross, i.e., the oxide layer that formed on the surface of the molten metal, was carefully collected and its mass determined; then it was examined in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray system. The results show that inclusions are not the only parameter to be considered. More importantly, it is Al2O3 (films or particles), which seems to be the deciding factor. It is found, however, that it is quite difficult to separate the individual role of each parameter using the porous disc filtration apparatus (PoDFA) technique, i.e., sampling, without disturbing the molten metal. Sampling would introduce undesirable oxides into the PoDFA crucible, resulting in an artificial increase in the filtration time. Increasing the holding periods of the molten metal increases the quantity of dross. In all cases, the skimmed dross is wet, i.e., it contains an appreciable amount of molten metal. The main types of oxides in the dross are MgO, MgAl2O4, Al4C3 and Al2O3. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of cooling rate on the solidification behavior of Al-7 Pct Si-SiCp metal-matrix composites

The solidification behavior of two composites based on Al-Si alloy has been investigated as a function of cooling rate. Thermal analysis techniques have been used to establish the relationship between solidification history and the microstructure developed. The results of thermal analysis show that the characteristic parameters are influenced by the cooling rate. A marked difference in these parameters is observed between the reinforced and the unreinforced materials at all cooling rates studied. The cooling rates used in the present study range from 0.3 to 20 K/s. Increasing the cooling rate is shown to affect the undercooling parameters both in the liquidus and eutectic solidification region. The eutectic growth temperature of the composites is observed to be higher than that of the base alloy at all cooling rates. The depression in eutectic temperature ΔT is found to decrease by 27 K for the unreinforced alloy (A356) and by 17 K for the composites (A356 + 10, 20 vol pct SiC) at a higher cooling rate of ≃16 K/s. The presence of SiC reinforcement is observed to suppress the Mg₂Si precipitate formation and decrease the amount of heat liberated during both primary and eutectic phase formation. Dendrite arm spacing (DAS) is correlated to the cooling rate by a relationship of the form DAS =AT ^-n, wheren is found to be of the order of 0.33.