ECC/钢筋混凝土叠合梁正截面受弯承载力试验与理论研究

为了探究ECC/高强钢筋混凝土叠合梁的正截面受弯特征,以及ECC层厚度对叠合梁整体受弯性能的影响,做了两组共5根梁试件的正截面受弯试验。发现与高强钢筋混凝土梁相比,叠合梁的承载力更高,相同荷载下的挠度值和最大裂缝宽度较小。在受弯全过程中其截面应变仍符合平截面假定,钢筋与ECC也可以实现协调变形,说明受拉区使用ECC可以使得高强钢筋的应力得到充分发挥。但ECC层厚度过大可能会使叠合梁发生脆性破坏。进一步地,在此研究的基础上,对已有ECC的本构模型进行简化,忽略其应力强化贡献,并运用叠加原理,提出一种用于计算ECC/钢筋混凝土叠合梁正截面受弯承载力的方法,将计算结果与试验结果及诸多文献结果进行比较,发现吻合度较高。     

Si3N4基复合材料的研究与应用进展

评述了Si3N4基复合材料的研究与应用进展,其中重点介绍了Si3N4基复合材料的制备工艺和力学性能;同时分析了我国在该领域的研究现状,并提出了今后的发展前景.     

基于GAM的北京PM_(2.5)浓度变化的影响因素研究

为辨识与测度不同影响因子对PM_(2.5)浓度变化的作用机理,以2015年北京PM_(2.5)浓度时间演变模式为基础,建立PM_(2.5)与各大气污染物(PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、CO、O_3)及气象因素(日均温度、风力、风向)的GAM模型,探索不同因素对PM_(2.5)浓度变化的影响作用。结果显示:(1)北京PM_(2.5)浓度具有夏秋季低、春冬季高的时间分布特点;(2)2015年北京PM_(2.5)浓度变化与PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、CO大体呈线性正相关,且正相关程度由强到弱为:COPM_(10)SO_2NO_2,而与O_3、温度和风因子的关系更为复杂;(3)GAM模型的拟合优度R~2为0.725,线性回归模型的拟合优度R~2为0.519,相比较,GAM模型对PM_(2.5)浓度变化的解释度提高了20.6%。研究表明,GAM模型对于建立PM_(2.5)浓度变化与影响因素间综合性复杂关系更灵活、更可靠,优于线性回归模型。     

Power recovery method for testing the efficiency of the ECD of an integrated generation unit for offshore wind power and ocean wave energy

Offshore wind power and ocean wave energy are clean, renewable and rich resources. The integrated generation unit for the two kinds of energy is introduced. The energy conversion device (ECD) is utilized to convert the mechanical energy absorbed from the wind power and wave energy into the hydraulic energy, the conversion efficiency of which is significant. In this paper, a power recovery method for testing the efficiency of the ECD is proposed. A simulation desktop is developed to validate the proposed method. The efficiency of the ECD is influenced by the hydraulic cylinders and the mechanical transmission. Here, the static efficiency of the hydraulic cylinders of the ECD is tested first. The results show that the static mechanical efficiency is about 95% and that the volumetric efficiency is over 99%. To test the effects induced by the mechanical transmission of the ECD, each hydraulic cylinder of the ECD is substituted with two springs. Then the power loss of the ECDM under different rotational speeds is obtained. Finally, a test platform is built and the efficiency of the ECD under different rotational speeds and pressures is obtained. The results show that the efficiency is about 80%.     

Investigation on the cleaning of KDP ultra-precision surface polished with micro water dissolution machining principle

A potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) optical crystal was machined to an ultra-precision surface with water-in-oil (W/O) micro emulsion polishing fluid. The micro water dissolution principle utilized in the machining process is discussed, its planarization mechanism is illustrated, and an ultra-precision polished surface with 2.205 nm RMS roughness is obtained. However, a substantial quantity of residual contamination remained on the polished surface after machining. This can seriously impact the optical performance of the crystal, and so it must be removed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to conduct an investigation into the composition of the surface residue, and the results showed that the residue was comprised of organic chemicals with hydrocarbon chains and aromatic ether, i.e., mostly the polishing fluid. The cleaning method and the principle on which the KDP ultra precision surface investigation is based are discussed in detail, and the cleaning experiments with selected KDP-compatible organic solvents were then performed. FTIR transmittance spectra measurement and microscopic observations were employed to assess the effects of the cleaning process on the surface of the KDP crystal. The results showed that toluene cleaning achieved the most desirable results. This cleaning method produced a surface roughness of 1.826 nm RMS, which allows the KDP crystal to be applied to subsequent engineering applications.     

Mechanical analysis of double-layered circular graphene sheets as building material embedded in an elastic medium

Journal of Central South University - Possessing the unique and highly valuable properties, graphene sheets (GSs) have attracted increasing attention including that from the building engineer due...     

应用LCA分析中国典型钢铁企业的环境负荷

为得到钢材的环境负荷,基于生命周期评价方法对中国典型钢铁企业中不同流程中的各工序,系统、定量地分析评价环境负荷.采用GaBi 4.3软件提供的CML2001环境影响分类方法,将各工序的环境影响进行分类,并根据特征化因子,分析生产1 t钢材产生的环境影响.分析结果表明:长流程生产过程主要的环境影响是焦化、烧结、高炉炼铁和废钢回收环节产生的水生生态毒性、人体毒性、化石能源耗竭和矿产资源耗竭等.其中,长流程的炼钢过程对气候变化、人体毒性、水生生态毒性和固体废弃物的影响较大,分别约占该类型总环境影响值的30%,95%,50%和90%;短流程生产过程主要的环境影响为铁水和电炉炼钢过程产生的气候变化、酸化和光化学臭氧形成等.该研究结果可为钢铁企业调整两种不同流程提供一定的理论依据,有助于准确发现生产过程中各环节节能降耗、降低环境负荷的潜力所在,从而有利于钢铁企业对生产流程进行改进或优化.     

多信道认知无线电频谱感知时间和门限联合分配

为提高多信道认知无线电的吞吐量,提出采用交替方向优化联合分配次用户的频谱感知时间和子信道感知门限.基于"先听后传"的次用户帧结构,建立了感知时间和门限的优化分配模型.该模型在保证满足主用户通信需求和子信道频谱感知性能的前提下,最大化次用户各子信道的吞吐量总和.联合优化算法通过交替优化感知时间和门限能够获得模型的最优解.仿真结果表明:存在最优的感知时间和门限最大化次用户的吞吐量,并且相比之前的方案,联合分配能够提高次用户的吞吐量.     

Rheological behaviors of fresh cement pastes with polycarboxylate superplasticizer

The rheologicalbehaviors of fresh cement paste with polycarboxylate superplasticizer were systematically investigated.Influentialfactors including superplasticizer to cement ratio(Sp/C),water to cement ratio(w/c),temperature,and time were discussed.Fresh cement pastes with Sp/Cs in the range of 0 to 2.0% and varied W/Cs from 0.25 to 0.5 were prepared and tested at 0,20 and 40 °C,respectively.Flowability and rheologicaltests on cement pastes were conducted to characterize the development of the rheologicalbehavior of fresh cement pastes over time.The exprimentalresults indicate that the initialflowability and flowability retention over shelf time increase with the growth in superplasticizer dosage due to the plasticizing effect and retardation effect of superplasticizer.Higher temperature usually leads to a sharper drop in initialflowability and flowability retention.However,for the cement paste with high Sp/C or w/c,the flowability is slightly affected by temperature.Yield stress and plastic viscosity show similar variation trends to the flowability under the abovementioned influentialfactors at low Sp/C.In the case of high Sp/C,yield stress and plastic viscosity start to decline over shelf time and the decreasing rate descends at elevated temperature.Moreover,two equations to roughly predict yield stress and plastic viscosity of the fresh cement pastes incorporating Sp/C,w/c,temperature and time are developed on the basis of the existing models,in which experimentalconstants can be extracted from a database created by the rheologicaltest results.     

区域电磁环境的动态特性表征

区域电磁环境中各种电磁干扰辐射信号种类繁多、调制体制各异,信号参数的动态变化,传播路径及其相应影响的不确定性,表现为电磁信号在时间、能量上相互干扰发生异常变化造成电磁环境动态性异常激烈,导致区域内接受设备系统性能下降。针对这一问题,提出基于分形理论与数学形态学相结合的方法,研究区域电磁环境动态特征,利用分形维数表征电磁环境动态性。首先,基于信号基础理论对区域接收点处电磁信号的集合进行建模;其次,利用数学形态学滤波原理对接收的电磁信号集合进行交替滤波,滤除电磁信号中的脉冲噪声和白噪声;最后,运用分形理论求解电磁环境接收点集合的关联维数,并对计算结果进行仿真分析,表明该方法能从时间、空间和能量上为电磁环境的动态性提供有利支撑。